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VTT 116 > bovine > Flashcards

bovine Flashcards

1
Q

halter

A
  • Lead should be on the cow’s left unless procedure requires different
  • Quick release knot MUST be used
  • Tie the cow’s head high
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2
Q

cattle prod

A

device that administers an electrical shock to move cattle

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3
Q

chute

A

metal restraining device that secures head and body

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4
Q

stanchion

A

metal restraining device that only holds the head

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5
Q

tail restraint

A

used as a distraction; lift tail directly over backbone when only the head has been secured

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6
Q

nose lead

A

mechanism to divert the cow’s
attention from what is taking place; Never use to lead or pull a cow; always quick release not for easy escape

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7
Q

observation: presence of joint swelling

A

-interaction with herd
-attitude
-chewing cud
-quality of droppings
-weight of the animal
-PE

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8
Q

on left side

A

auscultate lungs, heart, ruminations, and displaced abomasum

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9
Q

on right side

A

auscultate lungs, displaced abomasum

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10
Q

bull

A

male

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11
Q

steer

A

castrated

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12
Q

cow

A

female who has weaned a calf

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13
Q

heifer

A

female who hasn’t weaned a calf

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14
Q

calf

A

baby

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15
Q

herd

A

group of cattle

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16
Q

calving

A

giving birth; parturition; rest 60 days prior/no milking

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17
Q

beef

A

meet from mature bovine

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18
Q

veal

A

meat from calf under 3 months old (usually young male)

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19
Q

type of digestive system

A

ruminant

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20
Q

gestation period

A

283 days (based on ovulation date)

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21
Q

number of mammary glands

A

4

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22
Q

normal temp

A

100.4-103.1

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23
Q

respiration rate

A

18-28 rpm

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24
Q

heart rate

A

60-70 bpm

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25
Q

normal amount of ruminations

A

1-2/min; place in paralumbar fossa

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26
Q

digestive tract

A

esophagus, rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, cecum, large intestine, anus

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27
Q

esophagus

A

a tube which carries the
food from the mouth to the stomach
compartments

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28
Q

rumen

A

-absorbs most fatty acids by fermentation
-lighter material; contains up to 50 gal
-maintain and correct balance of resident bacteria
-Narrow spectrum of antibiotics should always be avoided
-Balance is upset = irritation to digestive system
-Irritation can cause fatal type of diarrhea
-mixes contents

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29
Q

reticulum

A

-heavy material swelled is stored
-honeycomb structure
-cud is formed
-natural place for collecting foreign bodies (hardware disease)

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30
Q

omasum

A

-leaves of tissue
-absorbs water from digestive contents
-removes slurry moisture and most excess water

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31
Q

abomasum

A

-true stomach
-glandular lining
-secretes hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes

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32
Q

small intestine

A

amino acids, sugar and
fatty acids are absorbed

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33
Q

cecum

A

blind pouch; moisture is absorbed

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34
Q

large intestine

A

moisture is absorbed

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35
Q

anus

A

feces is excreted through here

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36
Q

cow-calf programs

A

purebred (production of purebred strain - one breed); F-1 cattle (production of mixed breed from purebred - 2 breeds); commercial cow-calf operation (cattle of mixed breeds)

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37
Q

dual purpose

A

cattle can be used for meat or milk

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38
Q

triple purpose

A

cattle can be used for meat, milk, and draft

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39
Q

baby beef production

A

cattle are creep-fed up to weaning time and pushed for rapid weight gain 1000lbs live weight

40
Q

veal production

A

usually a dairy bull calf marketed at less than 3 months of age

41
Q

feedlots

A

place to finish cattle quickly

42
Q

stocker systems

A

heifers which are used to replenish herd

43
Q

growth promoting substances

A

-supplements that encourages muscle/weight gain
-hormones or steroids
-in feed or small pellet implanted under skin

44
Q

castration

A

removal of testicles

45
Q

surgical

A

incision made in the scrotum and testicles removed

46
Q

elastrator

A

stretches a rubber ring around spermatic cords to cut off blood supply

47
Q

burdizzo pincer

A

cord is crushed by pincer, cuts off circulation to testicle

48
Q

chemical castration

A

used on calves up to 150 injections made directly into the testicles

49
Q

branding

A
  • Allows for identification
  • Hot iron branding
  • Freeze branding
    -destroying hair follicle so hair grows back white
50
Q

dehorning

A

-on young animals
-– Chemical paste may be used to destroy horn bud
– The horn bud may be destroyed by heat
-very bloody procedure in older animals (cut or sawed off)

51
Q

drenching

A

administration of oral medication to treat for internal parasites

52
Q

balling gun

A

used to administer a bolus of medication

53
Q

spraying and dipping

A

treats external parasites

54
Q

frick speculum

A

hollow metal tube used to facilitate the passing of a stomach tube

55
Q

subcutaneous injection

A

16 or 18 g ½” or ¾” long

56
Q

intramuscular injection

A

16 or 18 g 1” or 1 ½” long

57
Q

blood sampling

A

obtaining blood from jugular vein in neck or caudal vein in tail

58
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation around eye

59
Q

purulent

A

puss

60
Q

fistulated cow

A

hole opening on flank

61
Q

duodonal canula

A

hole in flank with tubing

62
Q

digestive facts

A

-uses tongue to wrap around
the grass and twist it off
-Front teeth on lower jaw only
-Grass or feed is mixed with saliva
before it is swallowed
-Estimates are that an adult cow
produces 100-150 liters of saliva per
day

63
Q

scours

A

severe diarrhea in young cattle and sheep

64
Q

hardware disease

A

-dec in appetite, milk production, and weight
-magnets used to help lodges objects

65
Q

displaced abomasum

A

-right side is emergency
-hear ping
-after calving
-loss of appetite
-milk production and ruminations dec
-fills with gas
-left side can be fixed with rolling

66
Q

cosmetic dehorn

A

horn is removed below the skin

67
Q

ovary

A

-two ovaries
-each contains about 75,000
eggs
-20-30 will be utilized

68
Q

Fallopian tube

A

-carries egg
-site of fertilization

69
Q

uterus

A

-has two horns
-Fetal development takes place in one

70
Q

cervix

A

sphincter which separates the uterine horns from vaginal area to prevent infection

71
Q

vagina

A

-copulatory organ of female
-Dilates to allow baby to pass

72
Q

testes

A

-located in the scrotum which keeps them at a lower temperature than the body

73
Q

epididymus

A

transports, stores, concentration of sperm, sperm matures here

74
Q

vas deferens

A

transports mature sperm from epididymis past accessory sex glands

75
Q

accessory of secondary sex glands

A

produce fluid which caries the sperm

76
Q

penis

A

-copulatory organ of male
-deposits sperm

77
Q

cryptorchidism

A

absence of one or both testicles from the scrotum

78
Q

sperm

A

male reproductive cell

79
Q

puberty in males

A

marked by viable sperm production

80
Q

puberty in females

A

marked by first heat cycle

81
Q

signs of estrus

A

swelling and redness of vulva, restlessness, desire for company

82
Q

Rectal palpation

A

60 days post breeding a gloved arm inserted in rectum can palpate for presence of fetus

83
Q

Signs of parturition

A

six weeks prior to calving udder will develop; one week prior the vulva will swell and redden; imminent –distention of teats and mucus discharge from vulva – more than normal

84
Q

normal calf presentation

A

feet first – head between the legs

85
Q

fetatomy

A

removing dead calf with giggly wire

86
Q

milk production

A

-Dairy cows drink up to 35 gallons of water per day
-They produce on average 100 lbs or about 15 gallons of milk per day
-eat 40 pounds of corn silage daily
-The cow must have a calf and generate the required hormones in order to produce milk

87
Q

dairy cow breeding cycle

A

-bred; Milked for a total of 305 days during cycle
-milked up to 60 days before birthing
-gives birth
-milking begins again
-rebred about 60 days later

88
Q

dairy cow breeding cycle pt 2

A
  • Calf is often removed from mother 24-48 hours after birth
  • Female then goes into the milking cycle
  • Calf must receive colostrum
  • Colostrum secreted by mammary glands – contains hormones, antibodies, proteins, minerals, etc.
89
Q

each quarter (teat)

A

milk is secreted by epithelial cells which is synthesized by raw materials in the blood which flows through the udder

90
Q

milk production pt 2

A

-Milk stored in udder must be stimulated to be “let down” to be available for the milking process
* “let down” is a result of a stimuli
* Stimuli could be the calf nursing, washing of the teats or the smells, sights, sounds of the milking parlor
* Oxytocin hormone is released
* Milking process can be complete in 5 minutes by machine

91
Q

milking parlor

A

a room maintained exclusively for the mechanical milking of cows

92
Q

strip cup

A

metal cup with black filter on top where milk is examined for coagulated proteins

93
Q

Clinical Mastitis

A

– Characterized by rapid onset
– Visual changes in udder and milk
– Caused by e-coli

94
Q

Sub-Clinical Mastitis

A

– No visual changes in milk
– Cow has no symptoms
– Slight decrease in milk production
– Caused by staph or strep bacteria

95
Q

checking for mastitis

A

which is an inflammation of the udder – a milk sample must be obtained manually from each quarter
* The sample is tested using the
California Mastitis Test (CMT)
* Positive quarters are treated and milk from those quarters cannot be sold

VTT 116 (6 decks)

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