bottom up offender profiling

Question 1

where was this approach founded

Answer 1

the UK

Question 2

the 5 assumptions in this profiling

Answer 2

interpersonal coherence
time and place
criminal characteristics
criminal career
forensic awareness

Question 3

what is interpersonal coherence

Answer 3

assumes the behaviour is consistent across the situation. the behaviour is related to the crime committed

Question 4

what is time and place

Answer 4

the time and location may reflect where the perpetrator works for example if done out of working hours they may have a 9-5.

Question 5

what is criminal characteristics

Answer 5

putting the criminals in categories can be useful to help the police

Question 6

what is criminal career

Answer 6

see how see how far there criminal experience is, and if the have a pattern of killing

Question 7

what is forensic awareness

Answer 7

seeing whether they have an awareness of the forensic investigation such as cleaning the crime scene. this will show if they are a previous offender or whether they have a forensics basis

Question 8

what is geographical profiling

Answer 8

it is about the time and place of the crime

Question 9

the 4 principles of geographic profiling

Answer 9

locatedness
systematic crime location choice
centrality
comparative case analysis

Question 10

what is locatedness

Answer 10

some crimes have several locations that may be important for the offender. where the victim met the offender, where they were killed, where they were disposed of

Question 11

what is systematic crime location choice

Answer 11

locations are never random. the location is carefully considered so can be useful to find the offender

Question 12

what is centrality

Answer 12

2 types of offenders: commuters and marauders. commuters travel to kill and marauders commit crimes close to home. the centrality is the cluster of the crimes

Question 13

what is comparative case analysis

Answer 13

other crimes may be committed by the same offender. this can create greater accuracy of where the person may live or where they may travel from.

Question 14

what is distance decay

Answer 14

crimes will decrease in frequency the farther away from there home. distance decay is the least effort principle meaning they live to the crime site. they have a ‘buffer zone’ directly around the criminals house.

Question 15

what is the circle hypothesis

Answer 15

determines a geographic circle to define the criminals operational field. most offenders fit the marauders type so there is a circle around the criminals house. close to the house is the buffer zone. a bit further than that is the crime zone. too far away is outside the crime zone as it is too far from home