Bottom Up Approach Flashcards
What is the main focus of the bottom-up approach in criminal profiling?
Analyzing evidence from the crime scene to generate hypotheses about the offender’s characteristics, motivations, and social background.
Who developed Investigative Psychology?
David Canter (2004)
What statistical procedures are applied in Investigative Psychology?
Statistical procedures to analyze crime scene details and establish behavior patterns.
What can the database created in Investigative Psychology reveal?
Details about the offender, their history, family background, and whether multiple offenses are by the same person.
What was the total number of victims in the case of John Duffy and David Mulcahy?
19 victims (3 killed)
What innovative method did David Canter use in profiling the attackers of John Duffy and David Mulcahy?
Geographical profiling
What are the key assumptions of the bottom-up approach according to Egger (1999)?
- Interpersonal coherence
- Time and place
- Criminal characteristics
- Criminal career
- Forensic awareness
What does geographical profiling use to infer the offender’s likely home or base?
Information about the location of linked crime scenes.
What is spatial consistency in geographical profiling?
The argument that offenders commit crimes within a limited geographical space.
What are the two types of offenders identified in Canter’s Circle Theory?
- The marauder
- The commuter
What does the Circle Theory suggest about the offender’s home base?
It likely falls at or near the center of a circle drawn around the two furthest offenses.
What was one strength of Canter & Heritage’s (1990) research?
Identified common behaviors linking offenders to multiple crimes using smallest space analysis.
What limitation does geographical profiling have concerning database quality?
It may be affected by inaccuracies in reports and unreported crimes.
What did Ainsworth (2001) argue regarding profiling?
Time, age, and experience of the offender are as important as geographical profiling.
What did Copson (1995) find about the usefulness of profiling in police departments?
Profiling was useful in 83% of cases, but only accurately identified the offender in 3% of cases.
Who found that chemistry students could provide more accurate murder profiles than senior detectives?
Kocsis et al. (2002)
Fill in the blank: The _______ approach starts with analyzing evidence from the crime scene.
bottom-up
