bottom-up approach

Question 1

what type of info is used?

Answer 1

type of victim, loaction

Question 2

does it use alot of statistical data? where from?

Answer 2

yes, collected at the crime scene

Question 3

what type of psychology is this reffferd to as?

Answer 3

ivestigative

Question 4

who came up with the approach?

Answer 4

David Canter

Question 5

what is interpersonal coherence?

Answer 5

suggests a person interacitonal style with the victim is the same as other people in their lives

Question 6

what is time and place significance?

Answer 6

the location is chosen by the offender, so is significant to them. this ties into the offenders mental model of the environment . offenders are likely to feel more comfortable and in control in a lace they know better

Question 7

what is a criminal characteristic

Answer 7

how the crime has been committed suggests aspects of the offenders characteristics,based on evidence from previous criminal evidence

Question 8

what is a criminal career ?

Answer 8

how following crimes from the same offender changes as the criminal becomes more experienced

Question 9

what is forensic awarness?

Answer 9

does the criminal show some awarness of the criminal justice system and use techniques to reduce evidence at the crime scene

Question 10

when did canter come up with this approach?

Answer 10

1990

Question 11

what is this approach based on?

Answer 11

consistencies in the offenders behaviour during the crime

Question 12

what are the two major parts of this approach?

Answer 12

investigative psychology
geographical psychology

Question 13

what does this appraoch originate in?

Answer 13

psychological expertise

Question 14

what is the conclusions drawn based on?

Answer 14

quantitative statistical analysis.

Question 15

what types of crimes can the bottom up approach be used for?

Answer 15

all types of crime

Question 16

what does the bottom up approach focus on?

Answer 16

distribution of crime in an area

Question 17

what is it driven by?

Answer 17

DATTTAAAA

Question 18

what is the significance of time and place?

Answer 18

the time and location of the offenders crime will comunicate something about where they live or work

Question 19

what is interpersonal coherance?

Answer 19

their is a consistency between the way to offender interacts with their victims and with others in their everyday life

Question 20

what is forensic awarness?

Answer 20

they may have been subject of police interrogation before or their behaviour may suggest how mindful they are of covering their tracks.

Question 21

are any intitial assumptions made about the offender?explain futher?

Answer 21

no as it starts with the smaller details then creates the bigger picture

Question 22

what statistical data does it use?

Answer 22

statistical data on other crimes that have been committed

Question 23

what does it compare?

Answer 23

current crimes to all past crimes

Question 24

what is the aim of investigative psychology?

Answer 24

make predictions about the characteristics of an offender

Question 25

what does investigative psychology help determine?

Answer 25

whether a series of offences are linked in that they are likley to have been cmmited by the same offender

Question 26

what does georgaphical profiling use?

Answer 26

Circle theory

Question 26

what does geographical profilling do?

Answer 26

predicts the home location of a serial killer

Question 27

what does geographical profiling assume?

Answer 27

an offenders home will be central tp an offenders home/work/social base.

Question 28

what does georgraphical profiling argue?

Answer 28

Argues that the offenders home range and the familiarity of the area outweighs the risk of recognition in regions that are not in the immediate area of the offenders base.

Question 29

what is a determine factor of where a criminal will commit crimes. Geo profiling

Answer 29

familiarity

Question 30

what special computer technique does geographical profiling use?

Answer 30

criminal geographical profiling

Question 31

hwo is criminal geographical profling used in georgraphical profling of serial crimes?

Answer 31

Special data is analysed to produce a three dimensional model then superimposed onto a map where crimes have taken place.

Question 32

the prediction of and offenders base is derived from…….

Answer 32

defining the criminal range using the smallest possible circle that encapsulates all crime location, treating the centre of that circle a the most probable location for the offenders base

Question 33

what is a commuter?

Answer 33

travels to commit the crime(might be on work location). Locations will show a more limited knowledge of the area and will normally be closer together. Also less disguising of self as less recognisable away from home

Question 34

what is a marauder?

Answer 34

likely to commit crimes in their own neighbourhoods. The location of crimes will reveal an understanding of the local area and their path around the area will reveal their intimate knowledge, likely to be more spread out. Their home will be central within the crime area.