bottom-up approach Flashcards
what type of info is used?
type of victim, loaction
does it use alot of statistical data? where from?
yes, collected at the crime scene
what type of psychology is this reffferd to as?
ivestigative
who came up with the approach?
David Canter
what is interpersonal coherence?
suggests a person interacitonal style with the victim is the same as other people in their lives
what is time and place significance?
the location is chosen by the offender, so is significant to them. this ties into the offenders mental model of the environment . offenders are likely to feel more comfortable and in control in a lace they know better
what is a criminal characteristic
how the crime has been committed suggests aspects of the offenders characteristics,based on evidence from previous criminal evidence
what is a criminal career ?
how following crimes from the same offender changes as the criminal becomes more experienced
what is forensic awarness?
does the criminal show some awarness of the criminal justice system and use techniques to reduce evidence at the crime scene
when did canter come up with this approach?
1990
what is this approach based on?
consistencies in the offenders behaviour during the crime
what are the two major parts of this approach?
investigative psychology
geographical psychology
what does this appraoch originate in?
psychological expertise
what is the conclusions drawn based on?
quantitative statistical analysis.
what types of crimes can the bottom up approach be used for?
all types of crime
what does the bottom up approach focus on?
distribution of crime in an area
what is it driven by?
DATTTAAAA
what is the significance of time and place?
the time and location of the offenders crime will comunicate something about where they live or work
what is interpersonal coherance?
their is a consistency between the way to offender interacts with their victims and with others in their everyday life
what is forensic awarness?
they may have been subject of police interrogation before or their behaviour may suggest how mindful they are of covering their tracks.
are any intitial assumptions made about the offender?explain futher?
no as it starts with the smaller details then creates the bigger picture
what statistical data does it use?
statistical data on other crimes that have been committed
what does it compare?
current crimes to all past crimes
what is the aim of investigative psychology?
make predictions about the characteristics of an offender
what does investigative psychology help determine?
whether a series of offences are linked in that they are likley to have been cmmited by the same offender
what does georgaphical profiling use?
Circle theory
what does geographical profilling do?
predicts the home location of a serial killer
what does geographical profiling assume?
an offenders home will be central tp an offenders home/work/social base.
what does georgraphical profiling argue?
Argues that the offenders home range and the familiarity of the area outweighs the risk of recognition in regions that are not in the immediate area of the offenders base.
what is a determine factor of where a criminal will commit crimes. Geo profiling
familiarity
what special computer technique does geographical profiling use?
criminal geographical profiling
hwo is criminal geographical profling used in georgraphical profling of serial crimes?
Special data is analysed to produce a three dimensional model then superimposed onto a map where crimes have taken place.
the prediction of and offenders base is derived from…….
defining the criminal range using the smallest possible circle that encapsulates all crime location, treating the centre of that circle a the most probable location for the offenders base
what is a commuter?
travels to commit the crime(might be on work location). Locations will show a more limited knowledge of the area and will normally be closer together. Also less disguising of self as less recognisable away from home
what is a marauder?
likely to commit crimes in their own neighbourhoods. The location of crimes will reveal an understanding of the local area and their path around the area will reveal their intimate knowledge, likely to be more spread out. Their home will be central within the crime area.
