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Gross Bottom Line > Bottom Line Intro > Flashcards

Bottom Line Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of the structure of the human body

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

This type of anatomy considers the body as organized into segments or parts

A

Regional anatomy

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3
Q

This type of anatomy sees the body as organized into organ systems

A

Systemic anatomy

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4
Q

This type of anatomy emphasizes application of anatomical knowledge to the practice of medicine

A

Clinical anatomy

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5
Q

These are descriptive terms standardized in an international reference guide

A

Anatomical terms

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6
Q

Are eponyms used in clinical settings

A

YES SIR

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7
Q

Are eponyms recommended

A

NO

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8
Q

These are based on the body in the anatomical position

A

Anatomical directions

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9
Q

How many planes divide the body

A

4

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10
Q

What are the 4 planes that divide the body

A

Frontal, sagittal, median, and transverse

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11
Q

Are anatomical variations common

A

YES’M

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12
Q

What does the integumentary consist of

A

Epidermis, dermis, and specialized structures

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13
Q

What are the specialized structures of the integumentary system

A

Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands

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14
Q

This divides muscles into groups

A

Intermuscular septa

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15
Q

This invests individual muscles and neurovascular bundles

A

Investing fascia

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16
Q

This lies between musculoskeletal walls and the serous membranes lining the body cavaties

A

Subserous fascia

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17
Q

This holds tendons in place

A

Retinacula

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18
Q

What are closed sacs formed of serous membrane

A

Bursae

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19
Q

What do bursae enable

A

One structure to move freely over another

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20
Q

What can the skeletal system be divided into

A

The axial and appendicular skeletons

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21
Q

What are the 4 tissues that compose the skeleton

A
  1. Cartilage
  2. Bone
  3. Periosteum
  4. Perichondrium
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22
Q

What are the 2 types of bone

A

Spongy and compact

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23
Q

How do you divide spongy and compact bone

A

Based on the amount of solid matter

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24
Q

What are the 5 classifications of bone

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Flat
  4. Irregular
  5. Sesamoid
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25
Q

What are the 2 processes in which bone grows

A
  1. Intramembranous ossification

2. Endochondral ossification

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26
Q

When does intramembranous ossification occur

A

During the embryonic and prenatal periods

27
Q

How does intramembranous ossification form bone

A

Mesenchymal cells are turned into bone

28
Q

When does endochondral ossification occur

A

After birth

29
Q

How does endochondral ossification occur

A

Cartilage is replaced by bone

30
Q

What is a union between 2 or more bones or rigid parts of the skeleton

A

A joint

31
Q

What are the 3 types of joints

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
32
Q

What are freely movable joints

A

Synovial

33
Q

What are the 6 classifications of synovial joints

A
  1. Plane
  2. Hinge
  3. Saddle
  4. Condyloid
  5. Ball and socket
  6. Pivot
34
Q

How do synovial joints receive their blood supply

A

From articular arteries that often form networks

35
Q

What are anastomoses

A

Arteries that form a network

36
Q

Are synovial joints richly innervated by nerves

A

YOU KNOW IT

37
Q

What are the 3 categories of muscles

A
  1. Skeletal striated
  2. Cardiac striated
  3. Smooth
38
Q

What are the 6 classifications of skeletal muscles

A
  1. Flat
  2. Pennate
  3. Fusiform
  4. Quadrate
  5. Circular or sphincteral
  6. Mutli - headed or multi - bellied
39
Q

What is a prime mover

A

The muscles primarily responsible for particular movements

40
Q

What are fixators

A

“Fix” a part of a limb while another part of the limb is moving; mainly used during isometric contractions

41
Q

What are synergists

A

They aide the action of the prime mover

42
Q

What are antagonists

A

They oppose the actions of other muscles

43
Q

This muscle type is found in the walls of the heart and some major arteries

A

Cardiac

44
Q

What are the 3 layers of arteries and veins

A
  1. Tunica intima
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica adventita
45
Q

This system drains surplus fluid from extracellular spaces to the bloodstream

A

Lymphoid system

46
Q

What is inflammation of lymphatic vessels and/or enlargement of lymph node an indicator of

A

Possible injury, infection, or disease

47
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system

A
  1. CNS

2. PNS

48
Q

What is a collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS

A

Nucleus

49
Q

What is a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

A

Ganglion

50
Q

What is a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the nuclei in the CNS

A

Tract

51
Q

What is a bundle of nerve fibers, the CT holding it together, and the blood vessels serving it constitute

A

A nerve

52
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the ANS

A
  1. Sympathetic

2. Parasympathetic

53
Q

What can the ANS be subdivided into

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

54
Q

What is found in the intermediolateral cell columns (IML) of gray matter in the thoracolumbar spinal cord

A

Presynaptic cell bodies of the sympathetic division

55
Q

Where do presynaptic nerve fibers terminte

A

In sympathetic ganglia

56
Q

What are located in the sympathetic trunks or around the roots of the major branches of the abdominal aorta

A

Sympathetic ganglia

57
Q

What are found in the gray matter of the brainstem and sacral segments of the spinal cord

A

Cell bodies of the presynaptic neurons of the parasympathetic division

58
Q

What are located in or on the structure being innervated

A

Cell bodies of postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons of the trunk

59
Q

What are organized into discrete ganglia

A

Cell bodies of postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons of the head

60
Q

True or False:

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions usually have opposite but coordinated effects

A

True

61
Q

What does the sympathetic system facilitate

A

Emergency responses

62
Q

Where is the parasympathetic division distributed

A

Viscera of head, neck, and cavities of the trunk and erectile tissues of the genitalia

63
Q

What is the parasympathetic division primarily concerned with

A

Body conservation

64
Q

True or False:
Some nerves distributing autonomic nerve fibers to the body cavities also convey visceral sensory nerve fibers from the viscera that conduct impulses for pain or reflexes

A

True

Gross Bottom Line (2 decks)

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