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Gross Bottom Line > Bottom Line Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Bottom Line Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What do typical vertebrae consist of

A

Vertebral bodies and vertebral arches

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2
Q

What do vertebral bodies do

A

Bear weight and increase in size proportionately

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3
Q

What do vertebral arches do

A

House and protect the spinal cord and the rots of the spinal nerves

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4
Q

What do processes do

A

Provide attachment and leverage for muscles

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5
Q

What are the chief regional characteristics of cervical vertebrae

A

Foramina transversarii

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6
Q

What are the chief regional characteristics of thoracic vertebrae

A

Costal facets

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7
Q

What are the chief regional characteristics of lumbar vertebrae

A

Absence of foramina transversarii and costal facets

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8
Q

What are the chief regional characteristics of sacral vertebrae

A

Fusion of vertebrae

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9
Q

What are the chief regional characteristics of coccygeal vertebrae

A

Rudimentary nature

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10
Q

How are vertebrae joined to form a semirigid column

A

By IV discs and zygapophysial joints

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11
Q

What determines the degree of mobility

A

The thickness of the disc

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12
Q

What controls the type of movement between adjacent vertebrae

A

Orientation of zygapophsyial joints

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13
Q

Which ligaments resist hyperextension

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

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14
Q

What do the remaining ligaments resist

A

Flexion

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15
Q

What joint enables the yes (nodding) movement of the head

A

Atlant-occipital joints

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16
Q

What joint enables the no (rotational) movement of the head

A

Atlanto-axial joints

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17
Q

Which vertebrae are the most mobile

A

Cervical and lumbar

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18
Q

Where do flexion and extension primarily occur

A

Cervical and lumbar regions

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19
Q

What region does rotation occur in

A

Cervical and thoracic regions

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20
Q

What are the primary curvatures of the spine

A

Thoracic and sacral

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21
Q

What are the secondary curvatures of the spine

A

Cervical and lumbar

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22
Q

What does lordoses go with

A

Secondary curvature

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23
Q

What does kyphoses go with

A

Primary curvature

24
Q

Which curvatures are developmental

A

Primary curvatures

25
Q

Which curvatures are acquired in relation to the erect human posture

A

Secondary curvatures

26
Q

What do the curvatures provide

A

Shock absorbing resilience and flexibility

27
Q

What provide dynamic support to maintain the curvatures

A

Extensors of the back and abdominal flexors

28
Q

What arteries supply the vertebral column

A

Spinal branches of major cervical and segmental arteries

29
Q

What veins collect blood from the vertebrae

A

Internal and external vertebral venous plexuses

30
Q

Where do the veins drain

A

The vertebral veins of the neck and segmental veins of the trunk

31
Q

What nerve innervates the zygapophysial joints

A

Medial branches of adjacent posterior rami

32
Q

What supply most bone, IV discs, and ligaments as well as the meninges of the spinal cord

A

Recurrent meningeal branches of spinal nerves

33
Q

What muscles are axioappendicular muscles that serve the upper limb

A

Superficial extrinsic back muscles

34
Q

What are the extrinsic back muscles innervated by

A

Anterior rami of spinal nerves

35
Q

Which extrinsic back muscle is innervated by the CN XI

A

Trapezius

36
Q

What are the deep intrinsic back muscles innervated by

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

37
Q

What are the 3 layers of the back muscles

A
  1. Superficial (splenous muscles)
  2. Intermediate (erector muscles)
  3. Deep (transversospinalis muscles)
38
Q

What is the primary function of the intrinsic muscles

A

Provide primarily extension and proprioception for posture stabilize and produce movement of the trunk

39
Q

What do the suboccipital muscles do

A

Produce and/or provide proprioceptive information concerning movements at the cranioverterbal joints

40
Q

What are the main contents of the vertebral canal (4)

A
  1. Spinal cord
  2. Spinal nerve roots
  3. CSF
  4. Meninges
41
Q

How much of the spinal canal is occupied by the spinal cord in adults

A

Superior 2/3

42
Q

What are the 2 enlargements of the spinal cord

A

Cervical and lumbrosacral

43
Q

What are the enlargements related to

A

Innervation of the limbs

44
Q

What is the end of the spinal cord called

A

Conus medullaris

45
Q

Where is the conus medullaris located

A

L1 or L2 vertebra

46
Q

What is the extension of pia mater that attaches to the coccyx

A

Filum terminale

47
Q

What is the bundle of nerve roots below inferior to the conus medullaris

A

Cauda equina

48
Q

What do the filum terminale travel within

A

Lumbar cistern

49
Q

Nerve tissues and neurovascular structures of the vertebral canal are suspended in what

A

CSF

50
Q

Where is the CSF contained

A

Within the dural sac and dural root sheaths

51
Q

What is the fluid-filled subarachnoid space lined with

A

Pia and arachnoid mater

52
Q

When doing a lumbar puncture or epidural where should you do this

A

The lumbar cistern

53
Q

What reinforce the longitudinal spinal arteries

A

Asymmetric segmental medullary arteries

54
Q

What do the longitudinal spinal arteries supply

A

The spinal cord

55
Q

What do the segmental medullary arteries supply

A

Spinal nerve roots

56
Q

What do the radicular arteries supply

A

The nerve roots where segmental medullary arteries do not occur

57
Q

True or False:
The veins draining the spinal cord do not have a distribution and drainage that generally reflect that of spinal arteries

A

False

Gross Bottom Line (2 decks)

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