Botanicals & Nutritional Supplements Flashcards
Botanicals (Nutraceuticals / Phytochemicals)
substances obtained from plants and used in medicine or cosmetic products
Dietary supplements
Products taken by mouth that contain a dietary ingredient
- Vitamins, minerals, a.acids, herbs or botanicals
Complimentary Medicine
Any therapy that falls beyond the scope of conventional medicine but may be used alongside it to treat diseases
Use of botanicals in North America
Botanicals were brought in by immigrants but the use declined due to efficacy. However there has been a steady inc. in the use as people believe botanicals are always safe.
MC complimentary therapies are non-vitamin, non-mineral natural products
- Fish oil, glucosamine, chondroitin & probiotics
Source/ Active ingredient of Echinacea
Echinacea purpurea/ pallida/ angustifiolia
Uses of Echinacea
- Immune stimulation
- Cold prevention
Clinical effects & toxicities of Echinacea
- Allergic reactions
- Exacerbation of Autoimmune diseases
MOA of Echinacea
- Inc phagocytosis
- Inc total circulating monocytes, neutrophils & NK cells
Source/ Active ingredient of Garlic
Allium sativum
AI = Allicin
Uses of Garlic
- Hyperlipidemia
- HTN
Clinical effects & toxicities of Garlic
- Anticoagulation effects
- GI irritation
- Body odor
MOA of Garlic
Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase (Allicin)
Source or Active ingredient of Chondroitin Sulfate
Shark or bovine cartilage / Synthetic
Uses of Chondroitin Sulfate
- Osteoarthritis
Clinical effect & toxicities of Chondroitin Sulfate
- Anticoagulant activity
MOA of Chondroitin Sulfate
Glycosaminoglycan found in human cartilage matrix
Structure similar to Heparin
Source or active ingredient in Ginkgo Biloba
Extract of Gingko biloba plant
Uses of Gingko Biloba
- Memory impairment
- Tinnitus
- Peripheral vascular disease
Clinical effects & toxicities of Gingko Biloba
- GI irritation
- Antiplatelet effects
MOA of Gingko Biloba
Enhance tissue perfusion by:
- Inc blood flow
- Dec blood viscosity
- Promote vasodilation
Source or Active ingredient in Ginseng
- Panex ginseng
- Panex quinquefolium
Uses of Ginseng
- Fatigue/ stress
- Immune stimulation
Clinical effect & toxicities of Ginseng
- Dec glucose
- Inc cortisol
- Ginseng abuse power
- Nervousness
- Insomnia
- GI distress
MOA of Ginseng
- In insulin resistance
- Inc ACh, 5HT, NE & DA in cerebral cortex
- Activate all leukocytes
Source or Active ingredient in Glucosamine
Marine exoskeletons/ Synthetic
Uses of Glucosamine
Osteoarthritis
Clinical effect & toxicities of Glucosamine
Dec insulin production
MOA of Glucosamine
Produce Amino-monosaccharides (normally synthesized by chondrocytes in articular cartilages as substrate for Glycosaminoglycan synthesis)
