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NPLEX2 Materia Medica > Botanicals > Flashcards

Botanicals Flashcards

1
Q

Angelica sinensis

A

Dong qaui/female ginseng

Actions: uterine tonic, fem endocrine modulator, adaptogen

Uses: amen, dysmen, endomet, menopause, infert, PMS

CI: Bleeding, menorragia, antiplatelet

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

Gelsemium sempervirens

A

Actions: antispasmodic, cardiosedative, stimulates then depresses neural function

Uses: trigem neuralgia, fever, insomnia, pain

EXTREMELY TOXIC – NOT SAFE whether indicated or not

AE: sedation, everything slows down, cardiac and resp failure.

CI: hypotensin, preg/lac

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4
Q

Rubus idaeus

A

Actions: uterine tonic

Uses: prepare for labor

VERY VERY Safe, throughout preg

MR CC

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5
Q

Zingiber officinale

A

Actions: anti-inflammatory, anti-emetic, anti-infx, digestive stimulation

Uses: nausea/vomiting, motion sickness, inflammation, poor digestion

CI: gastric stim (active ulcer, gastritis, biliary obstruction)

AE: may potentiate anticoagulants

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6
Q

Symphytum officinale

A

Comfrey

Actions: vulnerary, demulcent, expectorant

Uses: wounds and fractures, dermatitis, dry cough, resp/GI inflammation

CI: wet cough, preg, lac – has P.A., hepatotoxic,

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7
Q

Commiphora myrrha/molmol

A

coMMiphora MolMol is Myrhh

Actions: anti-infx, anti-microbe

Uses: infections (GI, vaginal, etc)

SAFE

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8
Q

Salix alba

A

Actions: like aspirin

Uses: pain, fever, myalgia, arthritis, HA

CI: children esp. after viral exanthem (Reye’s syndrome)

Caution: GI irritation

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9
Q

Digitalis purpurea

A

Uses: CHF, arrhythmia

TOXIC: Narrow therapeutic window, OD lethal

Intx: Many drugs… caution!

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10
Q

Momordica charantia

A

Bitter melon

Actions: hypoglycemic, hypolipidemix, bitter

Uses: diabetes, psoriasis

CI: wet cough, gastric stim, preg

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11
Q

Rauwolfia serpentina

A

Actions: systemic vasodilator, anti-arrhythmic

Uses: HTN, arrhythmia

CI: depression (b/c causes catelcholamine depletion)

Intx: BP meds, MAO inhib, TCAs, sympathetic drugs (epinephrine, albuterol, pseudoephedrine, etc.)

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12
Q

Curcuma longa

A

Actions: anti-inflam, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer

SAFE

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13
Q

Corydalis amibua and spp.

A

Actions: analgesic, sedative, spasmolytic, heart things

Uses: pain: dysmen, chest (angina), abdominal (gastritis), stones; arrhythmias, parasites

Caution: can be TOXIC

Not really used

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14
Q

Pulsatilla vulgaris

A

Actions: anodyne, sedative

Uses: pain, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis pain, PMS (female health conditions)

CI: preg/lac

AE: abd pain

Not commonly used internally

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15
Q

Baptisia tinctoria

A

Actions: anti-microbial, immune-modulating

Uses: pharyngitis or other infections with catarrh, anti-viral

AE: tachypnea, tachycardia (generally means slightly more dangerous than your average herb)

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16
Q

Foeniculum vulgare

A

Actions: carminative, phytoestrogen, galactagogue

Uses: dyspepsia, gas, IBS, lactation, infant colic

SAFE

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17
Q

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

A

Actions: urinary antiseptic

Uses: UTI, esp with alkaline urine

CI: preg

AE: nausea, mild toxicity so watch dosing

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18
Q

Verbena officinalis

A

Actions: nervine, female alterative, bitter

Uses: anxiety/depression, menopause + other gyn issues

CI: gastric stim

AE: nausea

SAFE

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19
Q

Euphrasia officinalis

A

Eyebright – “nose and eye-itis”

Actions: anti-infl, anti-allergy, anti-catarrhal

Uses: inflam, allergy, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, sinusitis, face-itis

SAFE

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20
Q

Piscidia erythrina

A

Jamaican dogwood

Actions: anodyne, spasmolytic, sedative

Uses: pain, myalgia, dysmen, neuralgia, headache

CI: preg, high dose

Intxn: sedatives, benzos, opiates

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21
Q

Ulmus rubra

A

Slippery elm

Actions: demulcent, esp. GI

Uses: gastritis, GERD, ulcer

CI: wet cough

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22
Q

Cinnamomum zeylanicum

A

Actions: diaphoretic, astringent, anti-microbial, antispasmodic, carminitive, antidiabetic

Uses: diabetes + metabolic syndrome

C/I: GERD, severe gastritis

Caution: causes gastric stimulation, so may be CI for ulcers (good pre-ulcer, not good for active ulcer)

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23
Q

Ganoderma lucidum

A

Reishi

Actions: adaptogen, deep immune activation, immune modulator, anti-bacterial

Uses: cancer, insomnia, allergies

CI: auto-immune

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24
Q

Smilax spp.

A

Actions: hormone modulator, alterative

Uses: low T/andopause, PMS, menopause

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25
Q

Eupatorium perfoliatum

A

Actions: diaphoretic, immune stim

Uses: fever and infections, pain from cough

CI: Hepatotoxic conditions/liver issues (P.A.), high fevers

Dose: dose 2-4 mL TID

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26
Q

Cynara scolymus

A

“Sionara Lipids!”

Uses: hyperlipidemia, liver/GB issues (also bitter as many hepatic herbs are)

CI: Digestive stim (GERD, etc)

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27
Q

Achillea millefolium

A

“Hit with a Yarrow”

Actions: HEMOSTATIC, alterative, anti-microbial, bitter

Uses: Topical for wounds; internal styptic for menorrhagia, hemorrhage, hematuria

Caution: Preg, combining with PPI (all bitters)

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28
Q

Rhamnus frangula/purshiana

A

Actions/uses: catharsis for constipation

CI: preg, lac, IBD

AE: abd cramp, diarrhea, dependence

Intxns: causes potassium loss; consider intxns with diuretics, steroids, glycerrhiza, cardiac glycosides

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29
Q

Calendula officinalis

A

Actions: demulcent, anti-inflam, vulnerary

Uses: dermatitis, wounds

SAFE

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30
Q

Convallaria majalis

A

Lily of the Valley, milder digitalis

Uses: CHF, arythmmia

Intx: diuretics, beta-blockers, much more

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31
Q

Bryonia alba

A

Actions: anodyne, immune, some sedation

Uses: pain, infection

AE: abd pain, n+v, diarrhea, not really used internally

Rarely used, more likely to see as NOT SAFE or NOT INDICATED or DISTRACTOR

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32
Q

Solidago spp.

A

Golden rod

Actions: renal support, diuretic

Uses: nephritis, cystitis/UTI, urethritis

Think golden = pee

(also upper respiratory support)

SAFE

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33
Q

Salvia officinalis

A

Actions: anti-secretory, anti-bacterial, astringent

Uses: URI, cystitis, hot flashes/night sweats

CI: preg, lactaction (dries flow -> antisecretory)

Think of 50 year old menopausal hot flash woman with an infection

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34
Q

Cassia / Senna alexandrina

A

Actions: catharsis for constipation

Uses: direct stimulation of bowel movement

CI: Long-term use, laxative dependence

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35
Q

Linum usitassismum

A

Flax

Actions: demulcent, laxative

Uses (whole or ground seed): constipation, hormone imbalance, hypercholesterolemia

AE: GI (nausea, bloat, gas)

CI: GI obstruciton, acute IBD or IBS

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36
Q

Hyoscyamus niger

A

Like Belladonna and Datura (anti-cholinergic)

Actions: sedative, hypnotic, anti-spasm

Uses: pain, urinary spasms, interstitial cystitis pain

CI: BPH, long term or high dose – more toxic, visual blurring

Intx: potentiates effect of anticholinergics and trycyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline)

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37
Q

Silybum marianum

A

Actions: hepatoprotective, hepatorestorative

Uses: all the liver things; hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver, skin stuff like most liver herbs

SAFE

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38
Q

Ephedra sinica

A

Banned by FDA in 2004

Actions: alpha adrenergic agonist (helps to breathe!)

Uses: asthma, COPD, bronchitis, sinusitis, rhinitis

CI: HTN, DM, hyperthyroid

AE: Agitation

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39
Q

Viscum album/flavescens

A

Mistletoe

Actions: anti-tumor, hypotensive

Uses: subcutaneous for cancer

TOXIC in all other uses (e.g. hypertension)

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40
Q

Hydrangea arborescens

A

Actions: diuretic, anti-lithic

Uses: kidney and bladder stones

No known side effects

OD: Vertigo, chest pain

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41
Q

Podophyllum peltatum

A

Actions: antineoplastic, anti-HPV

Uses: cancer, warts

CI: Extremely toxic, not used as dry herb

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42
Q

Lomatium dissectum

A

“Dissects viruses,” like ligusticum

Actions: antiviral

Uses: viral infections, esp viral resp infxn

AE: whole body rash, photosensitization (5-10% of people)

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43
Q

Althaea officinalis

A

Marshmallow

Actions: demulcent in GI and urinary tract

Uses: gastritis, ulcer, cystitis, UTI

CI: Wet cough (all demulcents)

Toxicity: very safe

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44
Q

Iris versicolor

A

VERSI-tile

Actions: alterative, cholegogue, lyphagogue

Uses: thyroid support, lymph support, biliary insuff, chronic skin (acne, eczema, psor)

AE: n+v

CI: GI obstruction, preg/lact, overt hyperthyroidism

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45
Q

Thymus vulgaris

A

Actions: anti-microbial

Uses:

  • internal: h. pylori, viral infnx, GI infxn
  • topical: fungal, pain

CI: preg/lac, internal use of essential oil, neurotoxic

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46
Q

Rosmarinus officinalis

A

Uses: cerebrovascular insufficiency (hypotensive HA, dementia, poor memory)

Topical: anti-microbial

SAFE

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47
Q

Larrea tridentata

A

Actions: anti-inflam, antimicrobe, anti-cancer

Uses: cancer, infection

CI: hepatic dz

Toxicity: hepatotoxic

Not used, likely to see as NOT SAFE and/or NOT INDICATED

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48
Q

Sambucus nigra

A

Actions:

  • fruit: antiviral, antimicrobial
  • flower: diaphoretic, inflam modulator, antiallergy

Uses:

  • fruit: URI, influenza
  • flower: fever, allergy sxs, URI

CI: high fever

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49
Q

Aloe vera

A

Actions: demulcent, immune, inflam

Uses: topical for burn, frostbite, wound, internal for demulcent/inflam

Toxicity: GEL VERY SAFE! (esp externally)
Whole leaf is extreme laxative

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50
Q

Rumex crispus

A

Actions: bitter, alterative, hepatoprotective

Uses: chronic skin dz, liver stuff

CI: GERD, PUD, gastritis (gastric stim)

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51
Q

Leonurus cardiaca

A

Actions: anti-arrhythmia, uterine tonic/anti-spasmotic, anti-hyperthyroid

Uses: palpitations (cardiaca), menstrual disorders, hyperthyroidism

Safe-ish (GI upset In high doses)

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52
Q

Aesculus hippocastanum

A

Horse Chestnut

Actions: venotonic, astringent

Uses: topical for bruises, hemorrhoids, varicose veins; internal for venous insuff, varicose veins, DVT

AE: nausea

CI: Preg/Lact

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53
Q

Schizandra chinensis

A

Actions: adaptogen, hepatoprotective, expectorant

Uses: stress/depression, liver support, cough

CI: preg

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54
Q

Chelidonium majus

A

Action: choleretic, cholagogue – GALLBLADDER

Uses: billiary insuf, gall stone prevention

AE: nausea, vomiting

CI: hepatic failure, preg, lac

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55
Q

Vaccinium myrtillus

A

Bilberry!

Actions: anti-oxidant, circulatory tonic, hypoglycemic (leaf)

Uses:

  • fruit: vision (retinopathy, cataracts), vascular insufficiencies
  • leaf: DM2, hypergycemia

SAFE

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56
Q

Lycopus virginicus

A

Actions: thyroid hormone suppressant, cardiac sedative, nervine

Uses: hyperthyroidism and sxs of hyperthyroidism (heart palp, anxiety)

CI: preg, lac, hypothyroidism

Intx: antithyroid drugs, may antagonize hypothyroid drugs

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57
Q

Aconitum napellus

A

Actions: anodyne

Uses: neuralgia, pain

TOXIC: narrow therapeutic window, lethal ventricular fibrillation, chest pain

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58
Q

Hypericum perforatum

A

Actions: anti-depressant, anti-neoplasm

Uses: depression, cancer, viral (CMV/EBV)

Toxicity: PHOTOSENSITIVITY

Intx: Lots, SSRI, induces CYP450 3A4

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59
Q

Crataegus laevigata/oxycantha

A

Uses: all heart problems, esp. CHF, angina, arrhythmia, htn

SAFE

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60
Q

Withania somnifera

A

Ashwagandha

Actions: restorative adaptogen, immune support

Uses: chronic stress, exhaustion, anxiety, infections

CI: preg, autoimmune

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61
Q

Gymnema sylvestre

A

Actions: hypolipidemic, anti-obesity

Uses: diabetes, cravings, weight loss, metabolic syndrome

“Like you went to the GYM”

SAFE, but caution if pt is on hypoglycemics (additive effect)

62
Q

Tanacetum parthenium

A

Feverfew

Uses: migraine

Safe

63
Q

Tussilago farfara

A

Actions: demulcent/expectorant/antitussive, vulnerary

Uses: dry cough, dermatitis + wounds

CI: wet cough

AE: hepatotoxic, but with different type of PA (saturated instead of unsaturated – which are always hepatotoxic)

64
Q

Eleutherococcus senticosus

A

Siberian ginseng

Actions: immune-modulating, adaptogen

Uses: infection, cancer, auto-immune, adrenal support

AE: Irritability, insomnia

CI: HTN, long term use

65
Q

Humulus lupulus

A

Actions: nervine, bitter, phytoestrogen

Uses: insomnia, restlessness, poor digestion

CI: bitter interactions (PPI, active ulcer, GERD, gastritis), caution in depression

66
Q

Commiphora mukul

A

Guggul

Uses: hyperlipidemia, LDL, anti-inflam

CI: IBD

Intx: beta blockers

67
Q

Harpagophytum procumbens

A

Actions: anti-inflam, anti-rheum, bitter

Uses: topical for gout, OA, RA; bitter

SAFE except for bitter interactions (PPI, active ulcer, GERD, gastritis)

68
Q

Berberis vulgaris

A

“The liver is vulgar”

Actions: cholagogue, hepatic

Uses: liver disease, GB, gallstones, jaundice, LIVER STUFF

CI: preg, bile duct obs.

Caution: many drug intx -> if pt on a lot of drugs in a case, not safe (probably a safety question)

69
Q

Ceanothus americanus

A

“Americanus have fatty livers”

Actions: hepatoprotective

Uses: NAFLD, fatty liver, hepatitis

SAFE

70
Q

Lobelia inflata

A

“Inflates your lungs”

Actions: stimulating expectorant, nervine, diffusive pulmonary tonic

Uses: wet or spasmotic cough, asthma, URI, lung dz

CI: preg/lac

AE: n+v

OD: death (more caution than usual)

71
Q

Mitchella repens

A

“Repens the uterus”

Actions: parturifacient, uterine tonic

Uses: labor (?), dysmen, infertility, fibroids

CI: early preg

MR CC guarantees deliveries

72
Q

Centella asiatica

A

Actions: nervine, antipyretic, mental tonic

Uses: nervous insomnia, poor memory, infections, venous insufficiency, skin/wound healing?

SAFE

“100 year old Asian woman with venous insufficiency, dementia from her old age.”

73
Q

Valeriana officinalis

A

Actions: sedative, hypnotic, spasmolytic

Uses: insomnia, anxiety, smooth muscle spasms

AE: sedation

CI: may prolong GABA drugs

74
Q

Taraxacum officinale

A

Actions:

  • leaf: diuretic, bitter, alterative
  • root: hepatic, bitter, alterative

Uses:

  • leaf: UTI, kidney stones, edema
  • root: gallbladder, liver + skin support

CI: GI inflammation (ulcers, GERD, gastritis)

75
Q

Leptandra virginica

A

Actions: hepatotonic, choleretic, cholagogue, bitter

CI: Gastric stim (bitter)

No one uses this– NOT INDICATED and/or not safe

76
Q

Equisetum arvense

A

Horse tail

Actions: alterative, urinary tonic

Uses: chronic skin issues (acne), UTI, kidney stones

SAFE

77
Q

Vinca major/minor

A

Actions: circulatory stimulant, astringent

Uses: menorrhagia, hypertension, headaches/vertigo, cognition/memory support

CI: preg, hypotension

78
Q

Datura stramonium

A

Belladona category

Actions: blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, and acts as anodyne

Uses: spasms, pain

CI: BPH

AE: dryness

Intx: potentiates anticholinergics, amitriptyline

79
Q

Chionanthus virginicus

A

Actions: hepatic, cholagogue, bitter, LIVER, GB

CI: obstruction, cancer (bile duct, pancreatic)

Generally safe

80
Q

Astragalus membranaceus

A

Actions: immune modulator, moderate adaptogen

Uses: infx, cancer, autoimmune, depressed immune

Safe

81
Q

Hydrastis canadensis

A

Actions: bitter, antimicrobial, immune, anti-H.pylori, “king of mucus membranes)

Uses: cattarh on mucous membranes, poor digestion

CI: bitter stuff

AE: possible dysbiosis, GI disturbance

82
Q

Sanguinaria canadensis

A

Actions: escharotic

Uses: TOPICAL for cervical dysplasia, basal or squamous cell carcinoma

TOXIC INTERNALLY

83
Q

Asclepius tuberosa

A

Actions: expectorant, anti-tussive

Uses: fever, cough, pneumonia, bronchitis

CI: Preg

Rarely used, more likely to see as NOT SAFE or NOT INDICATED or DISTRACTOR

84
Q

Usnea barbata

A

Actions: anti-microbial, anti-fungal

Uses: infections

Caution: hepatotoxic (most anti-fungals)

85
Q

Glycyrrhiza glabra

A

Actions: adaptogen, anti-inflam, demulcent, hepatoprotective

Uses: gastritis, PUD, GERD, H. Pylori, adrenal support

CI: HTN

Intx: drugs that cause hypokalemia, digoxin, quinidine, gentamicin

86
Q

Prunus serotina

A

Black cherry

Actions: anti-tussive

Uses: spasmodic cough, dry irritating cough

CI: preg

DDX africanum (BPH)

Safe

87
Q

Eschscholzia californica

A

Actions: anxiolytic, sedative (like opium but milder), analgesic

Uses: neuralgia, insomnia, anxiety

CI: preg/lac

Intx: benzo, MAOIs

May be addictive

88
Q

Panax ginseng / quinquefolium

A

Actions: adaptogen, immune modulator, phytoestrogen

Uses: cancer, infection, stress, fatigue

  • P. ginseng*: stimulant, stimulating adaptogen, less immune
  • P. quinquefolium*: immune stim

C/I: preg,

Interactions: potentiate caffeine, immune drugs

89
Q

Gentiana lutea

A

Actions: bitter, hepatotonic

Uses: poor digestion, anorexia, liver dz

A/E: Nausea

CI: GI stim like all bitters (GERD, active ulcer, gastritis, PPI)

90
Q

Allium cepa / sativum

A

Onion/garlic

Uses: cardiovascular health (lipids, athero, angina, htn), DM, impotence; topical antimicrobial

CI: Bleeding/anticoagulants

Caution: Hypoglycemic

91
Q

Artemisia absinthum, annua, vulgaris

A

Actions: anti-malaria, -parasite, -cancer

Toxic: High dose neurotoxic!

  • Absinthum*: bitter (anti-parasite, malaria)
  • Annua*: digestive, a bit sweeter
  • Vulgaris*: less used
92
Q

Galium aparine

A

Cleavers, “golum skin”

Actions: lymphatic system tonic, aquaretic

Uses: chronic skin infx, acne, lymph issues, UTI, urolithiasis

SAFE

93
Q

Capsella bursa-pastoris

A

Shepherd’s purse

Actions: styptic

Uses: hemorhage, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, postpartum hem

CI: Major bleeding (b/c is not effective)

Intx: Anticoagulants (all styptics)

94
Q

Inula helenium

A

Actions: anti-parasitive, lung stuff

Uses: asthma, COPD, wet and dry cough, URI, parasites

One of the few SAFE anti-parasitic herbs (without GI distress or CIs)

95
Q

Ligustrum lucidum

A

Actions: immunostimulating, adaptogen

Uses: infxn, cancer

SAFE, but caution re: immunosuppressive therapy

96
Q

Juglans nigra

A

Actions: anti-parasitic, anti-helminthic

Uses: intestinal parasites and worms

CI: Preg, GI irritation

Dose: 2-4 mL TID, 1:5, 40%

97
Q

3 vulnerary herbs to know?

A

Calendula, chamomile, comfrey (symphytum)

Vulnerary: of use in the healing of wounds.

98
Q

Serenoa repens

A

Actions: 5 alpha reductase inhibitor

Uses: BPH

Could use in PCOS/hirsutism, male pattern balding

SAFE

99
Q

Plantago major

A

Actions: demulcent, vulnerary

Uses: GI (gastritis, ulcer), lower UTI, topical on wounds

CI: wet cough (demulc)

100
Q

Hamamelis virginiana

A

Actions: astringent, styptic

Uses: venous congestion, varicose veins (similar to aesculus), diarrhea, hemorrhoids

Fairly safe, can have contact derm

101
Q

Rhodiola rosea

A

Actions: adaptogen, antidepressant

Uses: stress/depresssion, suppressed immune system, cancer

CI: pregnancy, lactation

Caution: SSRIs, MAOIs, sedatives, immunosuppressive therapy

102
Q

Quercus rubra

A

Red oak

Actions: astringent (tannins), anti-inflam, anti-septic

Uses: GI astringent (diarrhea, dysentery, hemorrhoids [topical])

Safety: use only short-term due to reduced nutrient absorption, CI on externally damaged skin

103
Q

Camellia sinensis

A

Green Tea

Actions: anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, astringent (tannins), diuretic, stimulant

CI: Insomnia?

104
Q

Aspidosperma quebracho

A

Actions: stimulating expectorant

Uses: non-dry coughs

CI: dry cough, preg, lactation, children

Rarely used, more likely to see as NOT SAFE or NOT INDICATED or DISTRACTOR

105
Q

Berberis aquifolium

A

Mahonia/Oregon Grape

Actions: anti-microbial, bitter

Uses: chronic skin esp psoriasis or acne, poor digestion

AE: nausea or other GI symptoms

CI: active peptic ulcer, gastritis, biliary obstruction

Intx: PPI

106
Q

Arctium lappa

A

Burdock

Actions: alterative (specific to liver), bitter

Uses: skin conditions (psoriasis, eczema), blood sugar regulation, poor digestion

Additionally: dyspepsia, biliary insufficiency, hepatitis

107
Q

Mentha piperita

A

Actions: carminitive, spasmolytic

Uses: dyspepsia, colic, GI stuff

C/I: GERD, other digestive stim stuff (active ulcer, gastritis, bile duct obstruction, etc.)

108
Q

Verbascum thapsus

A

Actions: pulmonary tonic, relaxing expectorant

Uses: asthma, COPD, all coughs and URIs

SAFE

109
Q

Cannabis sativa

A

Actions: analgesic, sedative, anti-emetic

CI: Preg, abuse potential, psychiatric issues like schizophrenic

More likely to see in cases as a drug of abuse

110
Q

Boswellia serrata

A

Actions: anti-inflammatory (d/t resin constituent)

Uses: asthma, UC, OA, RA, etc…

SAFE

111
Q

Thuja occidentalis

A

Actions: anti-microbial

Uses: topical: warts; tincture: URI

Toxic: neurotoxic, preg, contains thujones

Low dose

112
Q

Olea europea

A

Actions: hypotensive, cardioprotective, antimicrobial

Uses: HTN, hyperlipidemia, infxns (tincture)

CI: GI stim

113
Q

Selenicereus grandiflorus

A

Actions: anti-arrythmic, diuretic

Uses: arrhythmia, palpitation, CHF, angina

Intx: MAOI

114
Q

Ginkgo biloba

A

Actions: vasodilator, inflam mod

Uses: cerebrovascular insufficiency (depression, dementia, memory), arterial insuff, intermittent claud, impotence

AE: rash, headache, bleeding

CI: bleeding, anticoagulant intx d/t bleeding

115
Q

Avena sativa

A

Actions/uses: anxiolytic, nervine, nutritional

Intx: hypolipidemic as food

SAFE

116
Q

Vitex agnus-castus

A

Actions: hormone-balancing, uterine tonic

Uses: amenorrhea/anovulation, PMS, acne, low progesterone

CI: preg

117
Q

Scutellaria lateriflora

A

Actions: anxiolytic, anodyne, nervine

Uses: insomnia, anxiety, pain

Safe

118
Q

Tilea europa

A

Actions: circulatory tonic, diaphoretic

Uses: HTN, infection (colds, flus)

Safe

119
Q

Ligusticum porteri

A

“STICUM UP! Before I blow your liver away”

Actions: strong ANTI-VIRAL, liver issues, cholecystitis

Uses: EBV, URI

CI: preg

AE: rash, GI irritation (emetic)

120
Q

Trifolium pratense

A

Red clover

Actions: phytoestrogen, nutritive

Uses: menopause, hot flashes, pregnancy, skin conditions

Safe

121
Q

Tanacetum vulgare

A

Actions: antiparasitic, antihelminth, bitter

Uses: parasites, worms

CI: lac, preg (abortifacient), GI inflam (PUD, GERD, gastritis -> dt bitter)

122
Q

Chamaelirium luteum

A

False unicorn. Think luteal, luteum = repro

Action: uterine tonic

Uses: amenorrhea, dysmen, endometriosis, uterine prolapse, miscarriage

SAFE

123
Q

Veratrum alba

A

Actions: hypotensive

Uses: hypertension, cholera

HIGHLY TOXIC, TERATOGENIC, NOT SAFE

124
Q

Eupatorium purpureum

A

Gravel root – “gets the gravel out of you”

Actions: anti-lithic, diuretic

Uses: urolithiasis, renal calculi, gout

CI: hepatotoxic conditions/liver issues (P.A.)

125
Q

Actaea racemosa

A

Black cohosh

Actions: uterine tonic, spasmolytic, emmenagogue, anti-inflam

Uses: PMS, dysmen, menorrhagia, arthritis, myalgia

CI: Early preg (can stimulate labor)

126
Q

Coleus forskohlii

A

Actions: activates cAMP, adaptogen, cardiotonic, immune

Uses: asthma (main), bronchial irritation, dry cough, hoarseness, emphysema, bronchitis

Intx: warfarin, digoxin

127
Q

Arnica montana

A

Actions: topical vulnerary and anodyne

Uses: bruises, sprains, strains

CI: broken skin, NOT FOR internal use

128
Q

Capsicum frutescens

A

Actions: antiplatelet, digestive stim

Uses: topical anodyne, anti-inflam (OA, RA, etc)

AE: Burning

Intx: Anticoagulants

129
Q

Ricinis communis

A

Actions: anodyne, anti-inflam (topical)

Uses: pain (incl. dysmen, ovarian cyst, PMS), myalgia

Caution: interally causes catharsis/emesis, toxic long term internally

130
Q

Geranium maculatum

A

Actions: astringent (tannins), venotonic, vulnerary, anti-inflam

Uses: GI health, hemorrhage, menorrhagia, diarrhea, varicose veins

AE: nausea

131
Q

Dioscorea villosa

A

“Die spasms!”

Actions: spasmolytic

Uses: dysmen, endometeriosis, PMS, spasms

SAFE

132
Q

Piper methysticum

A

Kava

Actions: anxiolytic, nervine

Uses: anxiety, IC pain, neuralgia

CI: antipsychotic, long-term use, preg/lac

For the purpose of NPLEX, hepatotoxic (err on side of safety)

133
Q

Caulophyllum thalictroides

A

Blue cohosh

Action: uterine tonic, parturifacient (during late preg)

CI: Early preg

134
Q

Theobroma cacao

A

Actions: antioxidant, stimulant

Uses: HTN + cardiovascular health

Caution: contains caffeine

135
Q

Cordyceps sinensis

A

Actions: potentiates epinephrine, relaxes smooth muscle, immunostimulant, cholesterol-lowering

Uses: asthma, cough, bronchitis, respiratory disorders

CI: auto-immune, some drug interactions (think epinephrine)

136
Q

Cineraria maritima

A

Uses: topical for cataract

CI: internal use d/t hepatotoxic (P.A.)

Route must be topical to be safe.

137
Q

Melissa officinalis

A

Actions: anti-hyperthyroid, nervine

Uses: hyperthyroidism, anxiety with GI sxs (dyspepsia, IBS, colic)

CI: Hypothyroid, GERD, preg

138
Q

Matricaria chamomilla

A

Actions: nervine, inflamm modulator, carminative, vulnerary, spasmolytic

Uses: anxiety/restless, all GI complaints, N+V in preg, infection, wounds + skin

Great for kids

Safe

139
Q

Tribulus terrestris

A

Actions: increases testosterone, hormone modulator, stimulant

Uses: libido, fertility

CI: preg, BPH (testosterone)

140
Q

Bacopa monierri / tinctoria

A

Actions: some nervine, bitter, and astringent properties

Uses: memory, cognition

SAFE

141
Q

Prunus africanum

A

Actions: prostatic tonic, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, anti-inflam

Uses: BPH, chronic prostatitis

Safe

142
Q

Urtica dioica

A

Actions: nutritive, diuretic, antiallergy

Uses:

  • leaf: allergies, arthritis
  • seed: lower UTI, urolith, renal support
  • root: BPH
143
Q

Grindelia robusta

A

Actions: resin = increases mucous, anti-inflammatory

Uses: “grinding cough” (dry cough, URI), asthma

144
Q

Atropa belladonna

A

Actions: blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (causing smooth muscle relaxation and inhibits secretions), and acts as anodyne

Uses: muscle spasms, pain

CI: BPH, closed-angle glaucoma

AE: causes dryness

Intx: Potentiates effect of anticholinergics and trycyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline)

145
Q

Echinacea augustifolia/purp/pall

A

Actions: immune stimulant, anti-microbial, inflam-modulating, anti-viral

Uses: infection (URI), influenza

CI: HIV/AIDS, autoimmune, TB, long-term use

146
Q

Viburnum opulus/prunifolium

A

Actions: spasmolytic

Uses: dysmen, endometriosis, PMS, spasm, myalgia

SAFE

147
Q

Juniperus communis

A

Actions: antimicrobial, diuretic

Uses: UTIs, topical for myalgias

CI: renal damage, pregnancy, high dose

Contains thujones

148
Q

Melaleuca alternifolia

A

Tea Tree

Actions: antifungal, antimicrobial

Uses: TOPICAL, only essential oil

149
Q

Medicago sativa

A

Alfalfa

Actions: phytoestrogen

Uses: endometriosis, infertility, menopause

SAFE

150
Q

Phytolacca americana

A

Actions: lymphatic

Uses: lymphadenopathy, mastitis, BREAST STUFF

CI: pregnancy, high dose

Toxic: OD causes systemic toxicity (higher safety flags on this one)

Dose: 0.25-0.5 mL/day

151
Q

Eucalyptus globulus

A

Uses: essential oil for URI, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, topical for arthritis

CI: internal use may cause a/e

152
Q

Fucus vesiculosus

A

Bladder Wrack

Actions: IODINE SOURCE

Uses: thyroid health, goiter, hypothyroidism

General caution with thyroid conditions (too much iodine can be suppressive).

Ex: okay in tincture, etc., for hypothyroid pt, but not safe if they are alread supplementing iodine.

NPLEX2 Materia Medica (3 decks)

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