Bot Lec (Quiz 2) Flashcards
1
Q
What is saprophytic?
A
obtaining Nourishments from the dead (decay)
2
Q
Fungi is?
A
Saprophytic
3
Q
Ancestor of plants
A
Charophytes
4
Q
Algae has?
A
Chlorophyll
5
Q
Chlorophlasts resembles charophytes because-
A
Its DNA and rRNA are similar to plants.
6
Q
What are the general characteristics?
A
- Multi-cellular eukaryotes are photosynthetic autotrophs.
- Contains chloroplasts, chlorophyll A and B
- Cellwalls contains cellulose.
- Food reserve is starch stored in plastids.
- Aerial parts w/ waxy cuticle to avoid desiccation.
- has stomata for gas exchange.
- repro. adaptations necessary as plants move from aquatic to terrestrial.
7
Q
Protective jacket of gametes.
A
Gametangia
8
Q
Plants are?
A
hydrostatic systems. defends themselves without moving.
9
Q
Essential characteristics?
A
- photosynthetic
- multi-cellular.
- growth is indeterminate and adapted to gather diffuse resources.
- shoots consist of simple repeated units exhibiting serial homology.
10
Q
Causes primary growth, leaves, flowers, occurs shoot roots
A
Apical Meristem
11
Q
Causes secondary growth, barks on trees, cambium
A
Lateral Meristem
12
Q
tissue layer found between xylem and phloem
A
Cambium
13
Q
Example of non-vascular
A
Liverworts, Hornworts, Mosses
14
Q
Vascular?
A
- Non-seed bearing
- seed-bearing
15
Q
Seed-bearing?
A
- Gymnosperms
- Angiosperms
16
Q
Angiosperms?
A
- Monocot
- Dicot
17
Q
In damp moist areas
A
Non-vascular
18
Q
Moss? 1-10 cm
A
Bryophytes
19
Q
Liverworts? lobes 2-20 cm
A
Hepatophyta
20
Q
Hornworts?
A
Anthocerophyta
21
Q
transports water and soluble minerals
A
Xylem
22
Q
Translocates sugars to storage organs like roots, tubers or bulbs
A
Phloem
23
Q
Leaves with a single unbranded vein
A
Microphylls
24
Q
Sphenophyta
A
Horsetails : equisetum genus ; species
25
Psilotophyta
Whisk Ferns, No true root, may rhizomes
26
Lycophyta
Selaginella
27
Pterophyta
Ferns
28
Fronds??
Leaves of ferns
29
Sori??
Clustered sporangia
30
Coniferophyta
Conifers ; 550 species, most widespread e.g. pine trees
31
Cycadophyta
Cycas
32
Ginkgophyta
Ginkgo e.g Ginkgo biloba
33
Gnetophyta
- Gnetum
- Ephedra
- Welwitschia
- with xylem, shrubs, and lianas
- Ephedra sinica, medicinal
- Welwitschia mirabilis (Tree tumbo)
34
Angiosperms
| - Antophyta?
Bearing flower-like structures
35
Study of evolutionary history of taxonomic groups
Phylogenetics
36
Classification and naming of organisms
Taxonomy
37
Involved in the determination of evolutionary relationships of organism
Systematics
38
Arrangement of organism
Classification
39
added in taxonomy For gardening?
Cultivar
40
same species, different places
subspecies
41
Simplest cells; w/o nucleus
Monera
42
Eukaryotes; has nucleus but no tissues e.g Algae, Fungi
Protista
43
Tissues; Photosynthesis
Vegetabilia
44
Tissues! Hunting and digestion of food
Animalia
45
pieces of DNA/RNA na naligaw
VIRI
46
Racemose
Centripetal
47
Cymose
Centrifugal
48
One petal
Gamopetalous
49
Many petals
Polypetalous
50
oldest botanical work in existence
Historia Plantarum
51
Medicinal plants
Theophrastus
52
John Ray?
```
-Herbae
> Imperfectae
> Perfectae
-Arborae
> Monocot
> Dicot
```
53
Contibution:
- No of stamens
- Insertion of floral parts to the thalamus
- arrangement adhesion and distribution of stamens
- Nature of anther and filaments and their arrangement
CAROLUS LINNAEUS
54
1234567891012
```
Monandria
Diandria
Triandria
Tetrandria
Pentandria
Haxandria
Heptandria
Octandria
Enneandria
Decandria
Dodecandria
```
55
Flowers with more than 20 stamens attached to calyx
Icosandria
56
More than 20 stamens attached to receptacle
Polyandria
57
4 stamens with unequal length
Didymia
58
6 stamens, longer
Tetradynamia
59
Single tube-like group
Monadelphia
60
2 tube-like groups
Diadelphia
61
More than 2 tube-like groups
Polyadelphia
62
Stamen sygenesious
Sygenesia
63
Stamens adnate to the pistil
Gynandria
64
Stamen monoesious
Monoecia
65
Stamens dioesious
Dioecia
66
Plants polygamous
Polygamia
67
Non-flowering plants, Algae mosses, ferns
Cryptogamia
68
```
Single cotyledon
narrow long leaf
parallel veins
vascular bodies scattered
Flower parts in multiples three
```
Monocot
69
```
Two cotyledons
broad leaf
network of veins
ring of vascular bundles
flower part multiple of five
```
Dicots
70
Scar from attachment to parent plant
Hilum
71
Admits water to the embryo before active germination.
Micropyle
72
Embryonic root which grows and develops into the root system
Radicle
73
- Embryonic shoot
- part of embryo between cotyledon and radicle
- support cotyledon (first leaves)
Plumule
74
Leaves attached to the plumule and radicle; contain food reserves used during early germination
Cotyledon
75
In Cell Wall,
| Gives stiffness to fruit jellies
Pectin
76
Cells in cork (1665)
Robert Hooke
77
Live Cells (Animalcules)
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
78
Protoplasm, where nucleus is found
Robert Brown (1833)
79
Plants : made up of cells
Matthias Schleiden
80
Animal cells : composed of cells
Theodor Schwann
81
Omnis cellula e cellula : Cells arise from pre-existing cells
Rudolf Virchow
82
Fixed stain cells : saw reproduction, chromosomes from parent to daughter - Mitosis
Walther Flemming
83
Biogenesis (organisms arise from another organism)
Louis Pasteur
84
Cell Theory??
- basic unit of life
- all living things are made up of cells
- arise from pre-existing cells
- carries genetic material
- essentially same in chemical composition
- Energy flow, biochem occurs only within the cell
85
Light, 1000x
Light microscope
86
Electron beam, osmium:stain, 10000X
Transmission Electron Microscop
87
Surface of cells ; 1000000X
Scanning Electron Microscope
88
Interphase
90% of the time; life of the cell
| lifetime varies by the type of cell
89
Prophase
Chromosomes condense
| nuclear envelope starts to disintegrate
90
Metaphase
Chromosomes align in the middle
| Spindle fibers at opposite poles
91
Anaphase
Shortest phase
| Centromere breaks, Spindle fibers shorten
92
Telophase
Develops nuclear envelop
Disintegrate spindle fibers
Develop cell plates
93
Helps in making cell plates
Phragmophlasts
94
Division of cytoplasm
Cytokinesis
95
Cell Wall?
No skeleton, made up of cellulose
| helps regate bowel movement, di madigest.
96
Chaetomorpha Melagonium
Green Algae
97
Most abundant monomer in cell wall
Cellulose
98
In Cell wall,
| Glue like substance that holds cellulose fibrils together
Hemicellulose
99
In Cell wall,
| proteins that have sugar associated with their molecules
Glycoprotein
100
40-80% Cellulose; 5-95% of the volume of the cell
Secondary Cell wall
101
Phospholipid bilayer has?
Hydrophobic heads, hydrophilic tails
102
Nakabaon sa phospholipid bilayer
Intrinsic Protein
103
Aren’t attached to the phospholipid bilayer
Extrinsic Protein
104
In respiration-
Needs glucose
105
Carries the genetic material of the cell
Nucleus
106
w/ Chlorophlasts
Green
107
w/o chlorophlasts
Grayish ; spherical to ellipsoidal 2-15 micrometers in diameter
108
Large complex of proteins that spans the nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores
109
Produces RNA
Nucleolus
110
Radish has?
18 chromosomes
111
Golden weeds has?
4 chromosomes
112
Tounge fern has?
1000+ chromosomes
113
Human has?
46 Chromosomes
114
Origin of the mitochondria
Symbiogenesis
115
What happened in symbiogenesis?
```
Group of cells compete for resources
naubos resources, lumaki, nag grow
Phagocytosis - Engulfs cells (lysosomes)
may nakain = energy
As time passes, mitochondria develops
```
116
Mitochondria produces?
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
117
In matrix fluid?
```
DNA
RNA
RIBOSOMES
PROTEIN
DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES
```
118
In plastids, pinakacommon
Chlorophlasts
119
One Coin in chlorophlasts
Thylakoid
120
One stack of thylakoid
Granum
121
Helps in photosynthesis
Stroma
122
In plastids, synthesizes starch
Amyloplasts
123
In plastids, Synthesizes oils
Elaioplasts
124
In plastids, red orange yellow pigment, under nito carotenoids
Chromophlasts
