Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bacteriology > Bordetella etc > Flashcards

Bordetella etc Flashcards

1
Q

Bordetella: Key characteristics

A 
Gram -
Small
Cocco-bacillus
Slower growth- optimal growth T 30-37C
Obligate symbiotic 
Facultative pathogenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bordetella: pathogenesis

A

Facultative pathogen
In the upper respiratory tract of many animal species
-Affinity for ciliated respiratory epithelium (adhesion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bordetella Virulence Factors- Filamentous haemagglutinin

A

Adhesion and hemagglutination

Most important one; attaches also to macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bordetella Virulence Factors- fimbriae

A

Role unclear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bordetella Virulence Factors- pertactin

A

Outer membrane protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bordetella Virulence Factors- dermonecrotic toxin

A

damages nasal tissue and osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bordetella Virulence Factors-Tracheal cytotoxin

A

Destruction of ciliated respiratory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bordetella Virulence Factors-Adenylate-cylase

A

RTX family of toxins (repeat in toxin)

Inhibition of function of neutrophils poreforming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Main pathology in:

A 
Pigs- pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis
Dogs- kennel cough
rabbits
guinea pigs
Less in: cats, horses
Seldom- ruminants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs-Pneumonic bordetellosis

A

Age < 1 week: primary infection

Age > 1 week: secondary infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs-Pneumonic bordetellosis: symptoms

A

Symptoms: coughing and dyspnea in young animals
In general, no fever
Morbidity: high
Mortality: variable to high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs-Pneumonic bordetellosis: lesions in lungs

A

frontal and mid lobus
Go from red to brown/yellow-brown
Chronic: dry aspect
Purulent bronchiolitis and alveolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs- non progressive atrophic rhinitis

A

Only B. bronchiseptica involved
Dermonecrotic toxin production increases:
-damage of nasal mucosae
-production of mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs- progressive atrophic rhinitis

A 
\+ pasteurella multocida
B bronchiseptica:
- mucus production is sufficient 
-damage of epithelium (NH3)
High infection pressure 
Multiplication of P multocida
DNT/PMT production of P multocida: activation of osteroclasts
-increased bone damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs-severity

A

Depends on:
infection pressure
age of colonization with Bb and Pm
dust ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs- symptoms

A 
Sniffling
sneezing
progressive disease
tears
serious: + blood
Nose: anatomical deviation
      Skewed, ribbings of skin, shortening
Growth of the animals is less good
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs-epidemiology

A 
Bb colonizes easier than Pm
Direct contact-aersosol (short distance)
Bb: sow to offspring
Pm: older piglets to younger 
Helps to develop a treatment strategy with management factors including
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs- treatment

A

Difficult- no optimal therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs- treatment- hygiene, management factors

A

Compartmentation (ages, transmission between compartments)
Ventilation
Constant temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs- treatment- Antimicrobials

A

Pm has quite some acquired resistance
Bb: naturally little susceptible to Nitrofurantoin, Spectinomycin, streptomycin, ceftiofur, ampicillin, amoxycillin
Pm: quite some AMR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs- treatment- vaccination

A 
Sows
DNT of Pm must be included 
Inactivated Bb
Head liable toxin of Pm
Vaccination of piglets- questionable result
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs (and cats)

A 
Kennel cough
-rhinitis 
-laryngitis
-Tracheobronchitis
-Pneumonia and pleuritis
Frequently complicated with other pathogens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs (and cats)-infection

A

Endogenic

Exogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs (and cats)- symptoms

A

Onset: in general 6-7 weeks old (early 3-4 weeks)
Dry cough
Nose, eye
General symptoms: T0, food intake, activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs (and cats)- immunity

A

Slow development of local antibodies

Thus long excretion (14 weeks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs (and cats)- treatment

A

Mostly self-limiting disease
Rest
Symptomatic: inhibition of cough (care)
Antibiotic eg. tetracyclines, only when + general symptoms
Aerosolization (polymixin B, kanamycin, gentamicin) sometimes done

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs (and cats)- prevention

A

Hygiene and disinfection
Vaccination (combo with virus)
Inactivated vaccine
-primo vaccine: 2 injections, 3 weeks in between; yearly rappel. (interference with maternal immunity till W 4-6)
live vaccine: age 3 wks; nasal inoculation; no antibiotics; fast protection (72h); less interference with maternal immunity; yearly rappel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in horses

A

Seldom

Similar to cats and dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in horses-treatment

A

prevention of dust (for all respiratory diseases)
Rest: 3 wks for full recovery
Prevention of inhalation of spores of fungi
-wetting hay: in bath with water (spray not enough)
-Feeding on floor
-Replace hay eventually by alfalfa
-avoid straw

30
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in rabbits

A

Nearly all: carriers

31
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in rabbits- symptoms

A 
nasal discharge
Sneezing, snoring
Congestion
Conjunctivitis
Tears
Eye localization: blindness
Ear infection
Abscesses
\+pasteurella multocida: bronchopneumonia
32
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in rabbit- treatment

A

depending on stage

  • mostly not necessary
  • antibiotics: be careful
33
Q

Bordetella avium: turkeys

A 
Coryza:
-Rhinotracheitis
-Acute (W 1-6) or chronic
-frequently complicated (bacteria, virus)
Environmental contamination

Respiratory problems in turkeys

34
Q

Bordetella avium: turkeys-etiology

A

Complex
Bordetella avium- primary agent
Most frequently complication with TRT virus
Also included in swollen head syndrome with involvement of E coli

35
Q

Bordetella avium: turkeys- symptoms

A

high morbidity, low mortality
growth reduction
seromucous nose discharge with sneezing and head shaking
eye
further evolution: tracheal rales, open beak respiration, dirt on wings

36
Q

Bordetella avium: turkeys-Prevention

A 
Older animals: carriers
-separation of ages
Transfer via floor bedding, drinking water
-hygiene
Vaccination of mother animals
37
Q

Bordetella avium: turkeys-treatment

A

Antibiotics have little effect

38
Q

Bordetella: diagnosis

A 
Cultivation:
-sampling nose (tonsils): clean nose before, deep, in transport medium
-slow growth
-better at 30 than 37C
-blood agar plates
-overgrowth problems
Serology
PCR
39
Q

Moraxella: characteristics

A 
Gram - pleomorphic rods
Generally in pairs or short chains
Non-motile
Catalase and oxidase positive
Obligate symbiotic
Obligate pathogenic 
Quite resistant in the environment
40
Q

Moraxella: virulence

A

Essential: fimbriae/pilli- adhesion to host cell (eye): conjunctival and corneal epithelial cells
Capsule
LPS
Exotoxins- cytotoxin, pore forming toxin (RTX)

41
Q

Moraxella: Pathogenesis

A

Adhesion: fimbriae
Toxin production; RTX toxin, cytotoxicity
Tissue destruction
Inflammation
Further damage
Increased susceptibility to other pathogens and noninfectious agents (dust, flies)
Irreversible eye damage

42
Q

Moraxella: predisposing factors

A 
Young cattle
Flies
Eye irritation (dust, sun, etc)
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 infection
Other bacteria
43
Q

Moraxella: Transmission

A

Direct contact with infected animal

Flies

44
Q

Moraxella: Prevention

A

Flies
Dust
Elimination of other predisposing factors
Vaccination: bacterin, 4 wks or older, reduction of disease

45
Q

Moraxella: treatment

A

antibiotics: local and eventually systemic
-tetracyclin, florfenicol
Corticosteroids
-if inflammation is serious
In separate stable no flies/dust: transmission

46
Q

Glaesserella parasuis: characteristics

A 
Glasser disease- pigs only
NAD dependent (staph needed for culture)
Obligate symbiotic
Little resistance in environment 
Host specific
Facultative pathogenic - commensals of mucosae- respiratory system and genital tract
Differences in virulence (serotype dependent)
Rare but worldwide
Age: 2w-4m (mainly at weaning)
47
Q

Glaesserella parasuis: virulence and pathogenesis

A 
endogenic, exogenic
Respiratory and genital mucosae
Septicemia: general symptoms, acute mortality
Meningitis: CNS symptoms
OR polyserositis, polyarthritis
48
Q

Glaesserella parasuis: treatment

A

Antimicrobials

At onset of outbreak: all piglets of litter 1M injections

49
Q

Glaesserella parasuis: prevention

A

Vaccination (not always successful)

Sometimes farm specific bacterin/autogenous vaccine

50
Q

Haemophilus felis

A

Little known about this bacterium
Present in health cats
Has been associated in cats with: pneumonis, chronic; conjunctivitis
Rare

51
Q

Histophilus somnei- characteristics

A

2 days incubation with 5-10% CO2- thus freq overgrowth
Facultative pathogen
Obligate symbiotic
Colonizes the mucosal surface of ruminants esp urogenital

52
Q

Histophilus somnei- virulence factors

A

lipo-oligosaccharides: endotoxin
-immune evasion and complement resistance
-apoptosis of pulmonary and brain endothelial cells
-colonization of reparatory tract
-activation of thrombocytes: intravascular coagulation
OMPs
-transferrin binding proteins
-Ig binding proteins IpbA: crossing the epithelial cells by cell disruption: intravascular coagulation
-intracellular survival (phagocytes)
Biofilms

53
Q

Histophilus somnei- pathogenesis

A 
Septicaemia
CNS (TEME: trombo embolic meningo-encephalitis: sleepers disease) 
Arthritis 
Retinitis, conjunctivitis
Myocarditis
pneumonia, tracheitis
Mastitis
Aboriton
Otitis
54
Q

Histophilus somnei-diagnosis

A

Symptoms (TEME)

Bacterial culture

55
Q

Histophilus somnei-treatment

A

Antibiotics

Little successful when: septicemic, TEME, myocarditis, polyarthritis, mastitis

56
Q

Histophilus somnei-Vaccines

A

Available, also in combination with other pathogens

57
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum- characteristics

A 
Obligate symbiotic
Little resistant in environment
NAD dependent 
Several serovars
Pathogen for mainly chickens
-infectious coryza: rhinitis and sinusitis
-freq hobby chickens
-occasionally pheasant, guinea fowl, quail
Freq mixed infections
58
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum- virulence factors

A

Capsule (polysaccharides): anti-phagocytosis, anti-complement
Adhesions: fimbriae
Endotoxin
Iron acquisition

59
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum- pathogenesis

A

Adhesion upper respiratory tract
Carriers
Transmission via drinking water or aerosol
stress

60
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum- symptoms, acute

A

General symptoms and anorexia

conjunctivitis

61
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum- symptoms, subacute

A

Freq complicatede with viruses and other bacteria
sinusitis and pus
oedema head and neck

62
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum-symptoms, chronic

A

when complications occur
Decreased egg production layers
Poor growth: broilers

63
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum- diagnosis

A

symptoms and bacterial culture

64
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum-treatment

A

antibiotics (only successful when beginning of disease

65
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum- prevention

A

Eliminate carriers

Vaccination

66
Q

Ornithobacterium: characteristics

A

In different bird species
-chickens, turkeys, partridges, pheasents, pigeons
18 serotypes
facultative pathogen

67
Q

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: pathogenesis

A 
Colonizes- nose, infraorbital sinus
Stress, intercurrent respiratory infections, high density, ventilation, ammonia concentrations
Trachea
airsac
lung
pericarditis
68
Q

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: symptoms

A 
sneezing and nose exudate
Coughing 
depression
swelling sinus and facial odema
Anorexia
Dyspnea
Mortality: low (1-3%)
69
Q

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: diagnosis

A 
Bacterial culture difficult
-slow growth
-freq overgrown by other bacteria
-needs co2
ELISA (but only the most prevalent serotype included; no complete cross reaction between serotypes
70
Q

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: treatment

A

Antibiotics: care!

  • natural resistance to sulphonamides, pyrimidines, and aminoglycosides
  • high prevalence of acquired resistance: susceptibility testing
71
Q

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: prevention

A

Management: avoid predisposing factors

Vaccination

Bacteriology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions