Boot Process

Question 1

The “ boot process “ includes ?

Answer 1

\+ Power On
\+ BIOS
\+ Master Boot Record
\+ Boot Loader (GRUB)
\+ Kernel (Linux OS)
\+ Initial RAM Disk
\+ /sbin/init
\+ Command Shell using getty
\+ X Windows System (GUI)

Question 2

BIOS stands for ?

Answer 2

Basic Input Output System

Question 3

BIOS does ?

Answer 3

+ Initialize hardwares like screen and keyboard

+ Tests the main memory (POST)

Question 4

BIOS is stored on ?

Answer 4

ROM chip

Question 5

MBR stands for ?

Answer 5

Master Boot Record

Question 6

MBR is ?

Answer 6

A small bit of computer code that the BIOS executes to start the boot process.

Question 7

MBR does ?

Answer 7

When fully executed, this code transfers control to the boot program stored on the bootable partition to search for the boot loaders (GRUB) and loads it into RAM memory.

Question 8

Boot Loaders are stored ?

Answer 8

+ First block of the bootable medium.

+ A specific partition of the bootable medium.

Question 9

Boot Loaders serve as ?

Answer 9

Mediator between the hardware and the operating system.

Question 10

Two stages of Boot Loaders ?

Answer 10

+ Load the main memory.

+ Load the kernel of the operating system & Initialize the RAM disk.

Question 11

Initial RAM Disk ?

Answer 11

A scheme for loading the root filesystem into memory.

Question 12

” initramfs “ is ?

Answer 12

A method to initialize RAM disk (load the root filesystem into memory).

Question 13

” initramfs “ includes ?

Answer 13

Programs & Binary files

Question 14

” udev “ is responsible for ?

Answer 14

Figuring out which device is present, locating the device drivers and load it into memory.

Question 15

” mount “ program is used for ?

Answer 15

Instruct the OS that the root filesystem is mounted properly and ready for used.

Question 16

/sbin/init (or init) is responsible for ?

Answer 16

+ Start the processes
+ Keep the system running
+ Shut it down cleanly

+ Manager of all non-kernel processes

Question 17

The root filesystem is loaded by ?

Answer 17

The kernel

Question 18

” init “ is ?

Answer 18

The initial process, followed by other processes to get the system running.

Question 19

Difference between “ systemd “ and “ init “ ?

Answer 19

+ Similarity: First process that starts at boot

+ Difference: Start up faster than “ init “

Question 20

” systemd “ is faster than “ init “ because ?

Answer 20

Replaces a serialized of steps with aggressive parallelization techniques, meaning multiple services are initiated simultaneously.