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Year 9 EoY Exam History Revision > Bookmarked Cards > Flashcards

Bookmarked Cards Flashcards

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1
Q

How did this murder lead to war: 28th July

A

Austria-Hungary blames Serbia for killing the Archduke. It attacks Serbia.

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2
Q

How did this murder lead to war: 29th July

A

Russia, who has promised to protect Serbia against attack, gets its army ready to attack Austria-Hungary.

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3
Q

How does this murder lead to war: 1st August

A

Germany, who supports Austria-Hungary, hears about Russian preparations for war. Germany declares war on Russia.

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4
Q

How does this murder lead to war: 2nd August

A

Britain prepares its warships.

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5
Q

How did this murder lead to war: 3rd August

A

Germany, whose plan is to defeat France BEFORE attacking Russia, declares war on France.

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6
Q

How did this murder lead to war: 4th August

A

Germany asks Belgium to allow German soldiers to march through their country to attack France. Belgium says ‘no’. Germany marches in anyway. Britain, who has a deal to protect Belgium from attack (dating back to 1839), declares war on Germany.

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7
Q

How did this murder lead to war: 6th August

A

Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia.

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8
Q

How did this murder lead to war: 12th August

A

Britain and France declare war on Austria-Hungary.

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9
Q

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

A

The idea that was to quickly defeat France with a huge knock-out blow through Belgium before moving the soldiers east to face the enormous, but slow-moving Russian army.

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10
Q

Why didn’t the Schlieffen Plan not work?

A
  • The Belgian Army were very resistant and slowed Germany’s charge down
  • The British Expeditionary Force (BEF), which contained 125,000 men, held the Germans back
  • On the 19th of August, the Russians launched an attack on Germany
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11
Q

Why didn’t the Russian attack help Germany?

A

Because it was far quicker than the Germans had expected and before they had a chance to capture Paris.

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12
Q

What did the Germans have to do because of the Russian attack?

A

They were forced to send troops east to face the Russians.

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13
Q

What did the German army do in September 1914?

A

They retreated behind the River Aisne, dug trenches and set up machine gun nests.

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14
Q

What happened to the British and French as a result of the Germans retreat?

A

They couldn’t break through the German defences

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15
Q

What did the British and French do to try and get through the German defence?

A

They dug their own trenches directly opposite.

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16
Q

What happened by the end of 1914?

A

The trenches stretched all the way from the English Channel to Switzerland.

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17
Q

What was the war stuck in?

A

A Stalemate

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18
Q

Trenches: What did the Duckboards do?

A

These were placed on the ground to stop troops sinking in the mud.

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19
Q

Trenches: What did a Fire step do?

A

Soldiers stood on these to look and fire ‘over the top’.

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20
Q

Trenches: What did a Periscope do?

A

Enabled troops to see ‘over’ the top without risk of being shot.

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21
Q

Trenches: What did Barbed wire do?

A

Slowed down attacking troops. Millions of miles of barbed wire was used.

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22
Q

Trenches: What did Machine guns do?

A

Rapid-firing gun that mowed down attacking troops.

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23
Q

Trenches: What was a Concrete bunker?

A

Reinforced subterranean bunker.

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24
Q

Trenches: What was artillery?

A

Huge guns that fired enormous explosive or poisonous shells for miles.

25
Q

Trenches: What did a Machine gun nest do?

A

Protected the machine-gunner from enemy fire.

26
Q

Trenches: What did Sandbags do?

A

Reinforced the walls, muffled explosions and soaked up moisture.

27
Q

Trenches: What did Aeroplanes do?

A

Helped spot targets for artillery, dropped bombs on the enemy and shot down enemy planes.

28
Q

Trenches: What did a Communication trench do?

A

Linked the front line trench to the reserve trenches.

29
Q

Trenches: What did a Reserve trench do?

A

Soldiers went there to rest or to wait to go to the front line.

30
Q

Trenches: What did a Gas bell do?

A

Would be rung to tell troops to put on gas masks.

31
Q

What were Trench Rats?

A

Dead bodies and food scraps attracted many rats to the trenches.

32
Q

Why was there a Trench Rat Infestation?

A

One pair of rats could produce 880 offspring in a year and so the trenches were soon swarming with them.

33
Q

What did the Trench Rats attempt to do?

A

They would become very bold and attempt to take food from the pockets of sleeping men.

34
Q

What happened to the British soldiers as the war went on longer?

A

The army started to ration food.

35
Q

What did soldiers mainly eat?

A
  • Bully beef (or tinned corned beef)
  • Bread
  • Biscuits
  • Soup
36
Q

What was Trench Foot?

A

An infection of the feet caused by cold, wet and dirty conditions.

37
Q

What did the men do for hours in the trenches?

A

Stood for hours on end in wet, muddy trenches without being able to remove wet socks or boots.

38
Q

What happened to men’s feet in the trenches?

A

The feet would gradually go numb and the skin would turn red or blue.

39
Q

What could happen if the men’s foot wasn’t treated?

A

The trench foot could turn gangrenous and result in amputation.

40
Q

In the winter of 1914-15, how many men in the British Army were treated for trench foot?

A

20,000 men

41
Q

What was an average day like in the trenches?

A
  • A ‘stand to’ before dawn
  • Gathering their weapons, soldiers took a place on the ‘fire step’
  • Fired towards enemy lines in a daily ritual called the ‘morning hate’
  • The order “Stand down!” was given
  • They did their day-to-day-work
42
Q

What was a ‘stand to’?

A

Guarding their front-line trenches.

43
Q

What was a ‘fire step’?

A

A step or platform dug into the front side of a military trench so that soldiers could stand on it and fire over the parapet.

44
Q

What did the day-to-day work consist of?

A
  • Repairing damage to the trench
  • Filling sandbags
  • Carrying supplies
  • Running errands
  • Writing letters
45
Q

What did the soldiers drink?

A
  • Weak coffee

- OXO (a type of gravy)

46
Q

What was the most common task carried out by a soldier?

A

Them cleaning their weapons.

47
Q

Why was water a problem in the trenches?

A

Because water was brought to the front line in petrol, and chloride of lime was added to kill of water. However, the chloride of lime gave the water an awful taste.

48
Q

Where was most of the soldiers’ time spent?

A

In the trenches working.

49
Q

What was David Lloyd George’s (current prime minister at the time of the UK) at the time aims for Great Britain after WW1?

A

To ‘make Germany pay’. He wanted to keep them weak without humiliating them. He also wanted to end the German threat to the British Empire and Navy.

50
Q

What was Woodrow Wilson’s (current president of the USA) aims for the USA after WW1?

A

To prevent Germany becoming aggressive but didn’t think they should be punished. He wanted different national groups to have the right to rule themselves - known as self-determination.

51
Q

What was George Clemenceau’s (prime minister of France) aims for France after WW1?

A

He wanted to have revenge on Germany for all this suffering. He also wanted Germany to pay for all of the damage that the war had caused. Wanted to weaken Germany’s armed forces so they would never be able to attack France again.

52
Q

What could of potentially happened if Germany didn’t sign the Treaty of Versailles?

A

An invasion on Germany.

53
Q

What did the Treaty of Versailles involve?

A
  • Germany must pay for the war in money and goods, set at £6,600 million
  • Agree that they had started the war
  • To have no air force or submarines
  • Only tiny army and navy
  • No tanks or submarines allowed
  • No German soldiers allowed anywhere near France
  • Germany to hand over colonies to Britain and France
  • Parts of countries cut off to make new countries
  • League of Nations set up
54
Q

What was the League of Nations?

A

An international club for settling problems peacefully.

55
Q

What was the League of Nation’s aims?

A
  • To solve disputes by discussion rather than war
  • Fight diseases
  • Stop drug smuggling
  • Stop slavery
  • Improve working conditions
56
Q

What would happen in the League of Nations if one nation declared war on another?

A

The other member nations would stop trading with the invading country until a lack of supplies would bring the fighting to an end.

57
Q

What was successful about the League of Nations?

A
  • Freed 200,000 slaves
  • Helped 400,000 prisoners of war return home
  • Worked hard to defeat diseases such as leprosy, cholera, smallpox.
58
Q

How did the League of Nations fail?

A
  • The League never had its own armed forces
  • The USA never became a member. Japan, Germany and the Soviet Union all left.
  • It couldn’t stop Italy invading Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in 1935.
  • It couldn’t stop Germany expanding its territory and in Europe between 1936 and 1939.

Year 9 EoY Exam History Revision (3 decks)

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