Booklet - Amoeba

Question 1

Amoeba: General Characteristics

Answer 1

mostly commensal
classification: nucleolus , chromatin granules
torophozoite, precyst, cyst, metacyst

Question 2

Entamoeba: General Characteristics

Answer 2

1/6 to 1/5 nucleus
non-central nucleolus in E. coli
chromatin granules

Question 3

Endolimax: General Characteristics

Answer 3

central big nucleolus

no chromatin granules

Question 4

Iodamoeba: General Characteristics

Answer 4

non-central big nucleolus

no chromatin granules

Question 5

E. histolytica: Trophozoite

Answer 5

1.magna/hematophage (60um , pathogen)
2.minuta (12um)
psuedolimb: on one side , thumb-like/round
phagocytosis + pinocytosis

Question 6

E. histolytica: Cyst

Answer 6

glycogen vacuole
chromatoidal body
1-4 nucleus (1 in premature)

Question 7

E. histolytica: Pathogenesis

Answer 7

lectin cancavalin A
collagenase
cysteine protease
flask-shaped wounds

Question 8

E. histolytica: Intestinal Amoebiasis Clinical Findings

Answer 8

fever
headache
abdominal pain
constipation
diarrhea

Question 9

E. histolytica: Intestinal Amoebiasis Pathology

Answer 9

colitis (IBD)
dysentery (flask-shaped wounds)
appendicitis
peritonitis –> most deadly

Question 10

E. histolytica: Hepatic Amoebiasis

Answer 10

mostly in right lobe
abscess: sterile chocolate-like
pain when walking and coughing
left lobe: pain in heart and left pectoral girdle

Question 11

E. histolytica: other non-Intestinal Amoebiasis

Answer 11

pulmonary
pericardic
cephalic
skin
urogenital

Question 12

E. histolytica: Intestinal Amoebiasis Treatment

Answer 12

dihydroxy furoate
iodoquinol
paromomycin
*unusable for pregnant and hepatic diseases

Question 13

E. histolytica: Acute Amoebiasis Treatment

Answer 13

imidazole family:
metronidazole
oronidazole 
tinidazole
secnidazole

Question 14

E. histolytica: non-Intestinal Amoebiasis Treatment

Answer 14

emetine family

chloroquine

Question 15

E. histolytica: Intestinal Amoebiasis Lab Tests

Answer 15

hematophage+RBC in stool

colitis: serology

Question 16

E. histolytica: non-Intestinal Amoebiasis Lab Tests

Answer 16

serology

Question 17

E. coli: General Characteristics

Answer 17

trophozoite:
15-50 um
food vacuole of bacteria , ... (eg , RBC)
cyst:
10-25 um
1-8 nucleus

Question 18

N. fowleri: General Characteristics

Answer 18

termophil (45c)
warm sweat waters
1.flagellated
2.trophozoite (most of transmissions, to teenagers)
3.cyst(bad environment, round, filled pores)

Question 19

N. fowleri: Clinical Findings

Answer 19

headache
stiff neck
fever
fatigue
sore throat 
4-5 days
fatal disease (in 10-15 days)

Question 20

N. fowleri: Pathogenesis

Answer 20

PAM (primary amebic meningoencephalopathy)
trophozoite destroys the meninges (like bacterial meningitis)
no cyst in tissue of brain

Question 21

N. fowleri: Treatment

Answer 21

riphampin + amphotericin B
miconazole + amphotericin B
sulfadiazine + amphotericin B

Question 22

N. fowleri: Diangnostic Lab Tests

Answer 22

1. CSF in non-nutrition agar 7-10 days

2. hanging drop technique

Question 23

Acanthamoeba: General Characteristics

Answer 23

water and soil

transmission mostly by cyst

Question 24

Acanthamoeba: Pathology

Answer 24

1.GAE (granulomatosis amebic encephalopathy):
soil/water –> nasal epithelium –> lungs –> blood –> brain (mostly in immunocompromised)
slower than naegleria
2.Cutaneous
3.Amebic Keratitis:
both cyst and trophozoite
cyst erratic shape

Question 25

Acanthamoeba: Diagnostic Lab Tests

Answer 25

GAE:
1.CSF in non-nutrition agar
2.increased proteins, lymphocytes, neutrophils
Amebic Keratitis:
cultivation of soiled lens or cornea in 3-15 days

Question 26

Balamuthia mandrillaris: General Characteristics

Answer 26

round cysts, no pores
spider-like movement
thumb-like psuedolimbs
both cyst and trophozoite can be seen in tissue