Booklet 4 Flashcards
FP
What was the September convention and what did it do?
1864
Napolean agreed to leave Rome in return for Florence being made the Capital
FP
How many people died rioting over the change of Capital?
23
FP
What did Cavour try and do to get Venitia and what was the outcome?
Encouraged a Hungarian uprising
FP
When did Prussia make the free trade agreement with France that weakened Austria?
1862
Piedmontisation
How many Naples decrees changed in how long? When?
53 decrees in 2 days
Feb 1861
Piedmontisation
How many monasteries dissolved to finance education?
2382
Piedmontisation
Where never got its own legal system despite being promised one? Who was to blame?
Lombardy
La Mamora
Piedmontisation
Who retained control in what area?
Ricasoli in Tuscany
Socio-economics
How much debt by 1861?
2.45 billion lire (Had doubled in 4 years)
Socio-economics?
When was the Flour Tax introduced?
1865
Socio-economics
By 1860, what proportion of Italian bonds were in Foreign hands?
1/3
Socio-economic problems
When was the Grist Tax introduced? How many died and were wounded protesting this?
1868
250 dead, 1000 wounded
Socio-econimics
When was 9 million acres of Church land sold in 9 years?
1867
Socio-economics
How many people were employed in Italy? What percentage of this was women and children?
3 million employed
80% women and children
Political weakness
When did Cavour die?
June 1861 of Malaria
Political weakness
How many PMs in how many years? Name them?
5 in 5 years
Riccasoli, Rattazi, Farini, Minghetti and La Mamora
Political weakness
Which PM attacked Garibaldi after the creation of the Society for the Emancipation of Rome? When?
Rattazi
1862
Political weakness
What did Mazzini describe the new Italy as?
“A sham”
Political weakness
How many people elected the all male parliament?
2% of the population
The Papacy
How much of Papal land was lost because of Cavour?
2/3
The Papacy
Which two people threatened the Church’s power?
Darwin and Renan (Both caused people to question the will of the Church)
The Papacy
When was the Syallabus of Errors?
1864
The Papacy
When was the Dogma of Papal Infallibility?
1870
The Papacy
When did the Pope declare himself a prisoner in the Vatican?
1870
The south
When was the Casati Laws introduced? What consequences did this have in the South?
1859 - It centralised education based on the French system
No education was recieved in the south
The south
When was Farini ordered to crush the Bourbon uprising? By who?
October 1860
By Cavour
The south
When was conscription introduced? How many fled?
1861
25,000 men
The south
How many soldiers had Piedmont deployed by 1862 to deal with the Brigands?
120,000 soldiers to deal with 82,000 Brigands
The south
By 1863, how many troops were engaged in peace keeping with the Brigands?
90,000
The south
What percent of children didn’t reach their 1st birthday in the South?
22.7%
The south
What event caused a dual economy to form in Italy?
The opening of the Mount Cennis Tunnel in 1871 - Trade could happen in the north, but not in the south (Sardinia and Sicily never recieved railways)
Explain how the Civil Service ran? (3)
Run by 30,000 bureaucrats
Gave jobs to Veterans of War
Created a centralised Gov
How did Local Governments run? (4)
- Divided into 69 provinces each with a prefect.
- Carabinieri were military police
- 18,000 Local police
- 8382 Communi ran by mayors
What did VE symbolise?
Stability
What did VE need to pass new laws?
Parliamentary approval and a ministers signiture
How much of all expenditure spent on the Army?
1/4
How many soldiers in the Army?
215,000
How many soldiers in reserve?
2 million
Who agreed to keep French troops in Rome once Italy had been unified?
The French Chamber of Deputies and Senate
How many troops was the Pope allowed? When did France agree to leave rome by if this was allowed?
10,000 troops
2 years
When did the Government move to Tuscany?
1865
When did the French leave Rome for the first time?
1866
When did Garibaldi leave Caprera to march on Rome? How many men?
1862
4000
Where was Garibaldi stopped in his attempt to take Rome?
Aspromonte - Shot in foot
When was Florence proclaimed capital?
April 1865
When did Garibaldi form the Italian Freedom Association?
December 1861
When was the Sleischwig-Hollstein affair? What did it do?
1866
Conflict between Prussia and Austria
When did General Govire make a millitary agreement with Prussia? What did it say?
April 1866
If Italy helped in a war, they would recieve Venita
When did Italy declare war on Austria?
20th June 1866
(4 days after Prussia)
How many men did Italy have vs Austria in 1866?
250,000 vs 130,000
What percentage of Italian troops reached the battlefront?
25%
When did Italian troops fail at Custozza?
24th June 1866
What happened at the Battle of Lissa?
Persano’s fleet were destroyed and 3 ironclad ships were lost (out of 12)
1450 shots fired and all missed
Where did Garibaldi win during the 1866 war?
Bezzecca
When did Bismark sign the armistice with Austria?
July 26th 1866 (Peace of Prague)
Why was Venitia given to France?
Because they agreed to remain neutral - given to Italy In Oct 1866 (Treaty of Vienna)
What was the result of the Venice plebiscite?
650,000 to 69 votes for ‘yes’
When did France seek an anti-Prussian alliance with Italy? What did this lead to?
May 1870
France withdrew their troops in Rome to fight Prussia
Which PM gained the approval to take Rome? Where did he gain approval from?
Lanza
Spain, Austria, Parts of Germany
When did the Italian army reach the Papal frontier? Who led them?
11th September 1870
Cadorna
How many Italian soldiers and Papal soldiers died when Italy claimed Rome?
49 Italians
19 Papal soldiers
When was the Law of Guarentees? How much did it give the Pope per annum?
May 1871
£129,000
When was Rome declared capital?
July 1871
Who was a high profile Irredentist? What did he do?
Bersanti
Attacked army barracks near rome in March 1870 - he was sentenced to death despite 40,000 signitures calling for his release
