Booklet 1 revamp Flashcards
What are 3 sucesses of Secret Societies?
- Advocated for more civil liberties
- Spread Nationwide
- All disliked foreign intervention
What are 3 negatives of Secret Societies?
- Middle class membership did not involve south
- Different ideologies (did not wish to collaberate)
- Relatively small groups
How many members in the Carboniari?
60,000
Who led the Federati?
Confalcineri
Where did Spillo Negro operate from?
Papal States
Who abdicated because of the 1830 French Rev? Who replaced him?
Charles X
Louis XVIII
Who led the 1830 revolution in Modena and Parma? What happened?
Misley
Revolutionaries took over and established a provisional governement.
Where did Students start to riot in 1830?
Parma
Who organised the 1830 revolt in the Papal States?
The professional classes who hated the church.
Why did the 1830 revolts fail? (4 reasons)
- Local not National
- Lack of organisations
- Austrian Army too powerful
- Relied too much on secret societies.
What was the result in Modena and Parma in 1830?
Francis IV returned with the Austrian Army and crushed the radicals in March 1831
What happened in the Papal states in the 1830-32 Revolution? What did the government refuse to do? Who defeated them?
1831 - In Bologna “The Government of the Italian Provinces was formed”.
They refused to send help to Modena
Austrian Army
How did Dante contribute to risorgimento movement?
Contributed to the formation of the Italian language
How did Machiavelli contribute to the Risorgimento movement?
Founded the 19th centuary nationalit movement against the papacy
What was life expectancy in Naples in the 1840s?
24
What did the Reformisti push for in Italy?
Freedom from Austria and nationalism within Italy
When were there poor harvests?
Between 1820-1840
When was YI formed?
1830
When did Mazzini try to invade Savoy?
1834
How many members did YI have?
50,000
What did Mazzini try to do in Piedmont?
Start a mutiny, but this was crushed by CA
When did the Bandiera Brothers attempt an uprising in Naples? How many men did they do this with? What happened?
1844
19
Both Shot
What are 3 successes of Young Italy?
Attracted Garibaldi in 1831
Kept the calls for unity alive
Mazzini was a popular nationalist writer
How long was Mazzini absent from Italy for?
40 years
Which of Mazzini’s attempted revolts failed?
1821 and 1831
Which group did Mazzini ignore?
Peasants
Why were foreign powers hesistant of Mazzini?
Seen as too radical
What % of population was Catholic?
90%
How many people spoke Italian?
2.5%
How many customs stops along which river?
22 along River Po
Which Italian state was the richest?
Lombardy
Which states were the only ones NOT seen as reactionary?
Tuscany and Parma
How did Balbo want to reform the country?
Wanted a federation led by CA
What ideology did Gioberti support?
A federation under Pius IX (Neo-Gulphism)
Who did d’Azeglio wish to rule Italy? Which book did he publish and when? What did it suggest?
CA
On Recent Events in Romagna (1846)
Revolution from Above
When did CA create the Statuto? What did this do?
1847
Piedmont became a nationalist hot spot
When was Pius elected? How many political prisoners did he release upon being elected?
1846
2000
What was chanted in the street as a result of Pius’ liberalism?
“O Sommo Pius”
Which two states did Pius enter a customs union with?
Tuscany and Piedmont
What revolutionary idea did Pius do regarding the press?
Removed press censorship
When did Pius declare his distatste for Austria?
1847
What percentage of Italians were subsistance farmers?
90%
What problem did Milan face?
Overcrowding
When where there Maize shortages in Italy?
1846-47
When was the southern cholera outbreak? How many died?
1846
65,000
What proportion of the Austrian Empire’s taxes came from Lombardy/Venitia
1/3
When did Austrian troops march through the Papal town of Ferrera? What happened after this?
July 1847
Pius said “Lord bless Italia”
When did Venitia declare itself a republic?
March 1848
When did revolution begin in Sicily? What was the reason?
January 1848
The city was swarmed with rioters demanding the 1812 constitution to be restored
When did revolution begin in Naples? What happened?
January 1848
Notorius Bourbon Officials were killed and the King met demands for the restoration of the 1820 constitution
When did revolution begin in Tuscany and Rome? What happened?
February 1848
Both were granted constitutions. 9th Feb - Roman Republic declared led by Carlo Armellini
When did revolution begin in Vienna? What happened?
March 1848
Metternich was defeated and resigned
When did revolt begin in Milan? What happened?
March 18th 1848
Five Glorius Days - 10,000 people demanded reform
When did Charles Albert declare War on Austria?
March 22 1848
When did Pius issue his Papal allocution?
April 29th 1848
When did the Austrian Army crush CA at Custozza?
July 24th 1848
When did Pius call for reinforcements? Who came?
April 1849
Napolean sent Oudiant with 20,000 troops
When was the peace treaty signed between Austria and piedmont?
August 1849
When did the revolution in Sicily fail? Why?
September 1848
Ferdinand returned and bombed sicily for 3 days causing parliament to surrender.
When was Ferdinand II’s autocratic rule reestablished and Sicily and Naples reunited?
May 1849
When were the Piedmontese defeated at Novara? What did this mean for Tuscany?
March 1849
Decrease in Nationalism - Leopald returned
When did the Roman Republic fall? How? Who defended it for how long?
July 1849
20,000 troops enter the city despite Garibaldi holding them off for 2 months. Pope returned 1850.
When did CA resign?
March 1849 after Novara
