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Booklet 3 Knowledge Test > Booklet 4 > Flashcards

Booklet 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Which two foreign powers were entrenched in Italy and where were they?

A

France-Rome
Austria-Venetia

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2
Q

What was the name and date of the agreement which agreed the removal of French troops from Rome?

A

The September convention 1864

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3
Q

Why did the great powers support Austrian control of Venetia

A

To maintain the balance of power in Europe

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4
Q

When did Cavour die and who replaced him?

A

June 1861
Ricasoli

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5
Q

Which PM tried to stab the king?

A

Farini

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6
Q

List 3 weaknesses of the Italian parliamentary system

A

-weak parliamentary discipline
-ministers had a lack of support for the king
-parliament was unrepresentative

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7
Q

List three areas of unity encouraged by the creation of the new state

A

-a single criminal legal code
-unified army and navy
-education under state control

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8
Q

What was the period of hatred between the church and state know as?

A

Fractious cohabitation

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9
Q

List three reasons for why the church felt they were under attack during the 1860s

A

-theologians
-scientific theory
-margotti argued that Catholics should neither be elected not electors

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10
Q

What education law was never introduced in the south?

A

Casati law

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11
Q

What was cavour attitude towards the south?

A

He wanted to crush any opposition in it

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12
Q

Define Piedmontisation

A

Divided the new kingdom
all customs, coinage, weights and measures were standardised at least in theory
The Piedmontese constitution became the Italian constitution

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13
Q

How was piedmontisation paid for?

A

Education was paid for by attacking the church
High taxes (grist+flour)

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14
Q

Why didn’t the jury system work in the south?

A

The mafia were able to corrupt and intimidate the judges

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15
Q

Why was Lombardy upset by piedmontisation?

A

It had been promised its own Constitution and it had its own legal system, education system and local government

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16
Q

List 3 groups who made up the brigands

A

-young men avoiding conscription
-bourbon soldiers
-10,000 convicts

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17
Q

How many soldiers were deployed by Piedmont to crush the brigands?

A

120,000

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18
Q

How many brigands were there and name one of their leaders

A

82,000
Crocco

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19
Q

How big was Italy’s debt by 1861?

A

2450 million lire

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20
Q

What unpopular taxes were introduced in 1865 and 1878?

A

Flour tax
Grist tax

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21
Q

By 1866 what % of state expenditure was spent on the deficit?

A

60%

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22
Q

What happened following the introduction of the unpopular grist tax in 1868?

A

250 deaths and 1000 wounded in riots

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23
Q

When did the state start to sell off church land and how many acres were sold in the next 9 years

A

1867
9 million

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24
Q

What % of agricultural produce was used each year to finance state debt?

A

30%

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25
Q

By 1861 how many industrial workers were there and what % were women and children?

A

3 million
80%

26
Q

Which States had absolutely no railway?

A

Sardinia
Sicily

27
Q

When was the mount cenis tunnel opened?

A

1879

28
Q

What is meant by the term dual economy?

A

The north and the south and two different kinds of economys

29
Q

What is real Italy?

A

Those who felt isolated and betrayed by piedmontisation

30
Q

What is legal Italy?

A

those who were part of the state

31
Q

list some causes of the brigands war

A

the collapse of bourbon rule
the mafia
increased taxes
conscription
public opinion against VE

32
Q

what was the syllabus of errors?

A

rejected all modern ideas
church would have control over education, culture and science
would not accept progress

33
Q

what is the dogma of papal infallibility?

A

the pope was never wrong
decided by the Vatican council
pope’s statement were indisputable
proclaimed in July 1870

34
Q

What organisation was set up in 1861 to campaign for Venetia?

A

Italian Freedom Association

35
Q

What was the name of Garibaldi’s supporter arrested on the border of Austria?

A

Nullo

36
Q

How did Garibaldi try to make the issue of Venetia international in 1864?

A

He visited London to use the publicity to raise the issue of the liberation of Venice

37
Q

What was agreed at a meeting between Bismarck and Govone in Berlin?

A

Italy was to receive Venetia in return for their war contribution

38
Q

List 4 military errors/failures of the Italians during the 1866 war

A

-Admiral Persano didn’t know how to lead
-organisation was bad
-the rivalries of officers and the presence of the monarch led to poor decisions being made
-they lost 3 ships at the battle of Lissa

39
Q

Describe how Italy gained Venetia

A

Austria gave Venetia to France and they gave it to Italy

40
Q

How did Italy pay for the 1866 war?

A

Nationalising church land in 1867
Introducing the grist tax in 1868

41
Q

List 4 reasons for the bad relations between church and state during the 1860s

A

-Piedmont had defeated the papal forces at Castelfidardo in September 1860
-Louis Napoleon had failed to protect the pope in 1860 which forced a vote on the Rome question
-Garibaldi attempted to take Rome in 1862
-the September convention 1864 led to riots resulting in the deaths of 23 people in Turin

42
Q

When did Garibaldi first try and take Rome and where was he injured

A

He left Caprera in 1862 and gathered 4000 men
Shot in his foot

43
Q

When did he try again and with what result

A

At Mentana on November 3rd 1867
He was easily defeated

44
Q

Who led the Italian army when they took Rome in 1870

A

General Cardorna

45
Q

How many soldiers died during the taking of Rome

A

49 Italian soldiers
19 papal troops
4 officers

46
Q

When was Rome captured and when was the plebiscite finailsed

A

October 2nd
October 9th

47
Q

What was the name of the law passed by the government to try and appease the pope

A

Law of guarantees

48
Q

How did the pope react to the law of guarantees

A

He declared himself a prisoner in the vatican

49
Q

Give two reasons for the decline and weakness of industry in the south

A

Lack of capital and skilled labour
Lack of water

50
Q

What was tax revenue used for by 1871

A

Public works
Land reclamation
Military

51
Q

What % of children died before their 1st and 5th birthdays

A

22.7%
50%

52
Q

List 3 things the pope gained from the law of guarantees

A

Own postal service
Full religious powers
3225000 lire per year

53
Q

Why were there two courts systems in Italy by 1871

A

To weaken italy

54
Q

Why did 60% of those eligible to vote in 1871 not vote

A

Catholics and Republicans boycotted on principle

55
Q

Who led a Republican uprising against the monarchy in may 1870

A

Barsanti

56
Q

What was irridentism

A

The unification of geographical areas which indigenous ethnic Italians and Italian-speaking persons formed a majority or substantial minority of the population

57
Q

List 4 places that irridentists wanted to reclaim after 1871

A

Trentino
Rome
Istria
Trieste

58
Q

How did the monarchy promote unity in 1871

A

-King VE and the new state meant there was a constitutional monarchy
-symbol of stability
-was on good terms with foreign powers

59
Q

How did the army promote unity in 1871

A

-prepared to use force if necessary
-recruits were taken from all over Italy
-used to crush internal enemies of the state

60
Q

How did the civil service promote unity in 1871

A

-gave jobs to veterans
-ran the economy education and state finances
-created a centralised government

61
Q

How did the local government promote unity in 1871

A

-ensured the works of the government was guaranteed in local areas
-a mayor ran each of the 8382 communi
-the country was divided into 69 provinces

Booklet 3 Knowledge Test (2 decks)

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