Booklet 3

Question 1

What nationalist organisation was set up in Piedmont as a replacement to young Italy?

Answer 1

The national society

Question 2

Who plotted to assasinate Napoleon III in 1857 and what was controversial about his letter?

Answer 2

Orsini
It was read out in court and he tried to appeal to Napoleon to support the cause of Italian unity

Question 3

What role did VE play after the bomb plot?

Answer 3

He presented Piedmont as the best guarantee against the excesses of radicals

Question 4

What was the secret agreement between France and Piedmont called and what did it aim to do?

Answer 4

The pact of Plombieres

Question 5

What did each side hope to get from the agreement?

Answer 5

Piedmont- 200,000 soldiers
France- Nice and Savoy

Question 6

What was VE’s nationalist speech called in January 1859?

Answer 6

Grido di Dolore

Question 7

How many troops did the French and Piedmontese provide?

Answer 7

French- 200,000
Piedmontese- 100,000 (60,000 + 20,000 volunteers)

Question 8

What two different names are the 1859 war called?

Answer 8

Magenta and Solferino

Question 9

What was Garibaldi’s private army of soldiers know as?

Answer 9

Cacciatori delle alpi

Question 10

Who was the leader of Tuscany during the events of 1859?

Answer 10

Baron Bettino Ricasoli

Question 11

What was the aim of the national society during the events of 1859?

Answer 11

Pro Piedmontese governments

Question 12

List 3 reasons to explain why Napoleon III agreed to peace without telling Piedmont

Answer 12

High death rate
Prussia had mobilised
Protect Austrians reputation
Worried by Piedmont’s weakness
Scared of great power reaction

Question 13

Why did Napoleon III initially oppose the annexation of the Central Duchies?

Answer 13

It wasn’t part of the pact of Plombieres
Didn’t want to anger the great powers
Limit Piedmonts power
Keep the pope happy

Question 14

How did lord Russell aid the unification process

Answer 14

Proposed self determination

Question 15

What was agreed at the treaty of Zurich?

Answer 15

Formally ended the war

Question 16

What was agreed at the treaty of Turin?

Answer 16

Allowed Plebiscites to be held in the Central Duchies

Question 17

What happened in the Central Duchies in March 1860?

Answer 17

Plebiscites were held

Question 18

When were plebiscites held in Nice and Savoy?

Answer 18

April 1860

Question 19

What made Garibaldi become interested in Italian nationalism?

Answer 19

In 1831 he met Mazzini and then joined young Italy

Question 20

How did the South American adventure aid Garibaldi in later years?

Answer 20

He raised an Italian legion of guerilla fighters

Question 21

Why didn’t Garibaldi fight in Piedmont in 1848?

Answer 21

He believed Charles Albert was the only man to unite Italy and defeat Austria

Question 22

Following the loss of Nice and Savoy, what did Garibaldi call Cavour?

Answer 22

A low intriguer

Question 23

How many men did Garibaldi take south with him in 1860?

Answer 23

1200

Question 24

Give two reasons why Cavour didn’t want Garibaldi involved in the south

Answer 24

He sensed the trip would fail as the number of men was too small and the weapons were poor.
He was uncertain whether he wanted it to succeed because the south was too poor and backward for Piedmont to take over

Question 25

What was Piedmont forced to do once Garibaldi conquered Naples?

Answer 25

Invade the Papal States

Question 26

Where did Garibaldi meet Victor Emmanuel and hand over the south?

Answer 26

Naples

Question 27

When were plebiscites held in the south and papal states?

Answer 27

October and November 1860

Question 28

Summarise the battle of Magenta

Answer 28

-French victory (4th of June)
-French pushed Austria away from Piedmont
-No Piedmontese soldiers died
-Garibaldi became a hero
-14000 Austrians with 40 guns combined with a French/Sardinian force of 10,700 men and 18 guns but had heavy casualties

Question 29

Summarise the battle of Solferino

Answer 29

-generally a French victory (24th of June)
-took almost all of Milan and Lombardy
-allys had 17,000 casualties out of 137,000
-Piedmont was still a small player
-Napoleon III met with Austria, without consulting his allies to sign an armistice, Piedmont felt betrayed

Question 30

Events involving the national society in April 1859

Answer 30

A popular demonstration in Florence caused the Grand Duke Leopold to flee and the creation of a provisional government led by Baron Bettino Ricasoli

Question 31

Events involving the national society in May 1859

Answer 31

-The national society organised peaceful revolutions in Moderna and Parma, and the rulers fled leaving provisional governments in control.
-The duke of Modena and Duchess-Regent of Parma fled their provinces. They were replaced by a government led by Luigi Farini, which was close to Piedmont. All major government decisions were being approved Turin, making this area almost a Piedmontese colony.

Question 32

Events involving the national society in June 1859

Answer 32

Unrest developed in the papal controlled Bologna. Piedmontese commissioners, mostly members of the national society, moved in to restore government

Question 33

What problems did Garibaldi cause in his conquest of the south?

Answer 33

-Cavour was worried he would attack Rome and cause difficulties with France
-The great powers feared a strong Italy could cause a shift in the balance of power in Europe
-The British opposed the handing over of Nice and Savoy to the French
-Russia broke diplomatic ties with Italy