Booklet 3 The Church and Monasticism Flashcards
What was the name of the tax everone paid to the Church?
Tithe
What percentage of their produce did villagers have to give to their Church?
10 percent
What was the name of the fee paid to the priest for marriage, baptisms and funerals?
Surplice fees
What had the Pope given to William before the invasion.
A papal banner
What had William promised the Pope he would do after he invaded?
Reform the English Church
Who did he appoint to carry out these reforms?
Lanfranc
What position did he give him?
Archbishop of Canterbury
What were the 4 main criticisms of the Anglo Saxon Church?
Clergy holding more than one position (pluralism), positions in the church being sold (simony), positions given to friends and relatives (nepotism), many clergy were married which was against the vow of celibacy.
What was the clergy?
Churchmen
Which cathedral in England established it’s primacy in 1072?
Canterbury
How many major changes did Lanfranc make to the Church?
5
What was a synod?
Church councils
Why did Lanfranc introduce them?
To spread the message of reform and increase his control over the church
What did Lanfranc do to many cathedrals?
He moved them to larger towns and cities - 30 percent of them moved.
Why did he move them?
To centralise the Church
What were the 6 levels in the new church hierarchy?
Pope, Archbishop, Bishop, Archdeacon, Deans, Parish Priest.
Why did Lanfranc introduce this hierarchy?
To centralise the system and to give bishops moree control over their diocese.
What happened to the number of village churches?
Between 1070 and 1170 the number doubled form 1000 to 2000
What did Lanfranc change about marriage?
He banned it for all clergy.
Which council established the church courts?
The Council of Winchester in 1076
Why were church courts established?
Lanfranc did not think secular courts had the authority to try the clergy.
Why did some people disagree with this change?
Church courts gave much less harsh punishments.
How many major cathedrals and abbeys had the Normans knocked down by 1100?
All except Westminster Abbey
What was the name of the architectural style the Normans favoured?
Romanesque
What were some of the characteristics of this new style?
Semi-circular arches and large round pillars.
Why were the cathedrals and churches rebuilt in such a grand style?
His son, William II also known as Rufus (Redhead)
When were cathedrals and churches rebuilt in a grand style?
26th Sept 1087
Was William Rufus a religious man?
No, unlike his father
Why was William Rufus interested in the church?
He wanted to make money out of it.
Why did the church disapprove of him?
He never married, had children and was probably homosexual, and exploited the church for money.
Why was Bishop William of St Calais put on trial in 1088?
For treason for not providing troops for the king to put down a rebellion.
What type of court was he tried in?
A secular court - this demonstrated Rufus was in control of the church.
Why did Rufus not immediately replace Lanfranc as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1089?
He wanted to take the money from the archbishops land for himself.
Who eventually replaced Lanfranc?
Anslem
How well did Rufus and Anslem get on?
They did not get on well because he criticised Rufus.
