Booklet 1 Conquest and Control Flashcards
What did most people do in anglo Saxon England?
Peasant farmers
What did they produce?
Sheep (wool), wheat, barley, oats.
Who became the King of England in 1042?
Edward the Confessor?
What was the name of the 4 English Earldoms?
Wessex, Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia.
Which family was in charge of Wessex?
Godwins
With which area did England do much of its trade?
Scandinavia
What was the Witan?
The advisors to the English king who were all nobles from the leading faimilies in the kingdom.
In the late 1050s what did Harold Godwinson become?
Sub-regulus
What were the names of the 4 claimants to the English throne in 1066?
Edgar Eatheling, Harold Godwinson, William, Duke of Normandy, Harald Hardrada.
Who became the King of England on 6th January 1066?
Harold Godwinson
What did the Pope give to William in 1066?
A papal banner
What did Harold Godwinson do for the summer of 1066?
Wait for William to invade.
The first army to invade England was led by whom?
Harald Hardrada
Which of Harold Godwinson’s brothers joined Hardrada?
Tostig
On 20th September Hardrada and Tostig defeated Earls Edwin and Morcar at which battle?
Gate Fulford
On 25th September Harold Godwinson fought Harald Hardrada at which battle?
Stamford Bridge
Who won?
Harold Godwinson
When did William arrive in England?
28th September
Where did he land?
Pevensey
When did the Battle of Hastings take place?
14th October 1066
How many troops did the English and Norman armies have each?
7000
Which 3 types of troops made up the English army?
Housecarls, thegns and fyrd.
How did all the English fight?
On foot
What formation did the Englishline up in?
In a shield wall.
What type of soldiers did the Normans have?
Knights(cavalry), foot soldiers, archers.
What type of armour did many of the soldiers wear?
Chainmail
Where did the English line up?
On the top of a hill - Senlac Hill
Who did most of the attacking in the battle?
the Normans
What was the turning point of the battle?
The Norman feigned retreats.
Why was this a turning point?
The English shield wall was badly weakened and started to break up.
What happened to Harold Godwinson?
He was killed.
What was a vassal?
A person who promised to be loyal and serve their lord militarily in return for land.
When was William crowned King of England?
Christmas Day 1066
What happened to the Englis lords who promised to be loyal to him?
They were allowed to keep their land.
What did many English people do against the Normans soon after they took control?
Rebel against them
Why did William carry out his series of attacks against the North of England in 1069?
In reprisal for a rebellion against him.
What was this series of attacks called?
The Harrying of the North
Who was made Earl of Hereford?
William Fitz Osbern
Why did the Normans build castles?
To protect them from the English.
What was the name of the early type of castles built by the Normans?
Motte and Bailey
What surrounded the castles?
a moat
What was built on top of the motte?
the Keep
