Booklet 2 Flashcards
Why do bubbles sometimes pass through a liquid when you first start to heat it?
Some atmospheric gases which expand in test tubes get caught in the substance
What is the chemical name for limewater?
Calcium Hydroxide
What is the gas given off in the thermal decomposition of copper carbonate?
Carbon Dioxide CO2
What colour is copper carbonate before thermal decomposition and the colour of the solid after heating?
Green powder before
Black powder after
Colour of copper nitrate before heating and the colour of solid after heating?
Blue before heating
Black after heating
What colour is nitrogen dioxide gas?
Brown
What does mg m3 mean?
The mg per m cubed
What gases are made in copper nitrate thermal decomposition?
Nitrogen dioxide+Oxygen
Name the maximum number of electrons on the first 3 shells?
2,8,8
What is in the centre of an atom cluster?
Neutrons and protons
What is the relative mass of a proton, neutron, and electron?
1,1,0.0005
Why are atoms neutral?
The number of electrons are the same amount of protons
What is the superscript number on a element?
And what is the subscript number on a element?
Top:Relative atomic mass
Bottom:Atomic number
How do you work out the number of neutrons in an atom?
Mass number-atomic number
What process is aluminium extracted by?
Electrolysis
What is Aluminium extracted from?
Alumina
Why can Aluminium not be extracted using carbon?
Aluminium is more reactive than carbon
What do aluminium ions gain to make aluminium metal?
Electrons
What chemical is added to alumina to lower the melting point?
Cryolite
Cathode+Anode=_______
Graphite
Electrolyte=__________
Alumina+Cryolite
What is an electrolyte?
Solution or molten substance to be electrolysed
What is a cell?
A container in which electrolysis takes place
What is an anode?
A positive electrode
What is an cathode?
A negative electrode
How is nitrogen dioxide produced every day?
Vehicle exhausts/burning fossil fuels
What problem can be caused by nitrogen oxides in the air?
Increasing likeliness of breathing problems
Is it dangerous to breathe near roads because of nitrogen oxides?
It is a little less healthy but not very dangerous unless you already have a respiratory problems such as asthma
In electrolysis what happens when solutions conduct electricity?
Products form at the anode and the cathode
What happens if Copper chloride is used in electrolysis?
Cathode: Copper
Anode: Chlorine
What is most reactive copper or sodium?
Sodium
What is a patten at the cathode and the position of the metal in the reactivity series?
If a metal is less reactive than hydrogen it forms at the cathode.
What type of particle is attracted to the cathode?
Positively charged cations
What type of particle is attracted to the anode?
Negatively charged anions
What particle must be in tap water?
Neutral
Positive ions tend to be what and are attracted where?
Metals and attracted to the negative electrode
What type of substance’s ions are negative and attracted to a positive electrode?
Non-metals
Why do they use molten Aluminium instead of an aqueous solution?
Aluminium is more reactive than Hydrogen
Define decomposition
The breaking down of a compound into simpler compounds or elements
What do non-electrolytes consist of and do they conduct electricity?
They do not conduct electricity as they consists of molecules which are not electricity charged and do not move towards the electrodes
What is electrolysis?
Decomposition by passing a current through a substance
Why was gold one of the first metals used by man?
As it is not very reactive so it can be found in its native form and does not need to be extracted
What is a native metal?
A metal in its natural form not combined with other elements
Why were certain metals like magnesium not mass produced until the 20th century?
As they have to be extracted by electricity only widely available in the 20th century
