Booklet 1 - Regenerating Places Flashcards
What are the 4 economy classifications
- Primary: producing crops and raw materials (farming and mining)
- Secondary: manufacturing and distribution processing
- Tertiary: service sector, tourism and banking
- Quaternary: providing specialist services in research and design
What is a tool that can be used to determine the strength of a particular industry in a region
The location quotient, which quantifies how concentrated an industry or even a particular demographic group is within an area to a regional economy
Outline 3 ways of measuring economic inequality
- Use of Lorenz curve (displays income disparities)
- Gini coefficient
- Palma ratio
What is the IMD
Index of multiple deprivation (IMD), which is used by central government and local authorities to target regeneration by ranking their level of deprivation
What is the impact of structural economic change on people and places
Deindustrialisation (which contextually would refer to the mine and factory closures, leading to loss of jobs in advanced countries due to economic restricting) has led to primary and secondary industries becoming more expensive than their overseas equivalent, leading to poor physical environment with polluted land and waterways
Define what is meant by gentrification
The process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in, improving housing, and attracting new businesses, often displacing current inhabitants in the process. The function and demographics of the area might change.
Example of successful rebranding in an area
Named example - Liverpool
As a result of joining the EU, the area suffered very badly from deindustrialization in the 1960’s and 70’s because the area they trade with have changed; many of the docks and related industries such as sugar refining closed, leading to mass out-immigration and environmental degradation in poorer areas.
In 1981 when a new prime minister was selected, MDC (Merseyside development corporation) was set in order to regenerate particularly the derelict dockland areas by utilising EU funding to battle deprivation.
The Albert Dock - which opened as a tourist destination years later, creating 22,000 jobs and development of ~500 homes (although it has faced faced criticisms due to attracting nearly £700 M in private finance)
European Capital of culture - hosts 7000 cultural events that attract over 15 million visitors
Define the term deindustrialisation
Deindustrialization is a process of social and economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial activity in a country or region
How do functions of an area differ to its characteristics
Functions of an area include tourism, industrial and education whereas characteristics include things like housing, vegetation and transport patterns
Example of how past and present connections can influence the economic and social characteristics of an area
Named example - Coldhurst, Oldham
Past global connections: In the 1950’s Oldham cotton industry was facing global competition from other industries who had developed their own means of production; in an attempt to prevail over the completion, the UK government encouraged skilled workers from Bangladesh and India to migrate to Coldhurst.
Ultimately this has led to a massive demographic impact on the ethnic composition of the area, evidently ~62% of the population were Indian + Bangladeshi and only 27% were white.
Despite attempts to make the industry more competitive, the area faced deindustrialisation in the 1970’s with the loss of one textile mill a week, in the 20 year gap other rivals like Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and India have received a massive number of textile and clothing industry growth (worker number ^200%)
This has resulted in poor physical geography, socio–economic inequalities and demography altercations.
