Booket 2 - Globalisation

Question 1

Define what is meant by a global shift

Answer 1

The movement of the global economic centre of gravity to Asia via the global shift in manufacturing (China) and outsourcing of services (India) can lead to changes in the built environment that can bring benefits

Question 2

Outline 3 advantages of global shift

Answer 2

• Investment in infrastructure which helps enhance social and economic aspects of a region by illustrating commitment, thus attracting TNCs and FDI
• Special economic zones: which are areas of land set by the government for international trade e.g seaport, thus providing employment for locals and transfer of technology
• Poverty reduction: The world bank defines extreme poverty as an income less than $1.25 per day (2005)
  Since 1990, 1 billion people have been lifted out of extreme poverty, primarily due to global shift

Question 3

Outline 2 disadvantages of global shift

Answer 3

• loss of productive land: construction of factories, infrastructure and housing for workers occupies land previously used to generate agricultural output.
  Air and water pollution from industrial activity can render more agricultural land unusable.
• Environmental or resource pressure: Pressure on natural resources, especially water supply, as new factories and offices demand resources.
  Rapid industrial expansion can outpace environmental regulation creation and enforcement (or corruption may circumvent)