Booklet 1

Question 1

What were the names of the Italian states?

Answer 1

Piedmont-Sardinia
Lombardy
Venetia
Papal States
Parma
Tuscany
Modena
Sicily
Naples

Question 2

What were the ruling families of:
a) Piedmont
b) Central Duchies
c) Naples

Answer 2

a) Piedmont - Savoy
b) Central Duchies - Lorraine
c) Naples - Bourbon

Question 3

Three actions by the French which increased Italian nationalism

Answer 3

Conscription of 27,000 men sent to Russia
High taxation - 60% used for French Military
Closed Monasteries and were anti-Catholic

Question 4

What was the name of the Treaty which reasserted Austrian control over Italy?

Answer 4

Congress of Vienna

Question 5

What did Liberals want for Italy?

Answer 5

Free speech
Constitutions,
Representative government
Free trials

Question 6

What did radicals want for Italy?

Answer 6

Free from Austrian control
Republic
Representation

Question 7

How were Austria able to keep tight military control of Venetia and Lombardy?

Answer 7

Quadrilateral fortress cities in northern Italy

Question 8

List 4 ways in which Ferdinand III allowed Tuscany to become more enlightened

Answer 8

1) Improved education
2) Reorganized the universities of Pisa and Siena
3) Spent more on girls’ education
4) Expanded health facilities

Question 9

Define the following features of the Papal States:
a) Jesuits
b) Zealots
c) Inquisition

Answer 9

a) Jesuits – extreme Catholics who enforced church rule
b) Zealots – hard line popes
c) Inquisition – Catholic court to put heretics on trial.

Question 10

Define reactionary

Answer 10

Wishing to protect the status quo. Resistant of change

Question 11

How was Ferdinand of Naples reactionary?

Answer 11

He cancelled the Sicilian constitution of 1812

Question 12

Six cultural examples of the Risorgimento movement

Answer 12

1) Macchiaioli
2) Antologia
3) Artists such a Fattori and Lega
4) Poets such as Giacomo Leopardi
5) Verdi’s “The Lombards of the first Crusade” and “Nabucco” (1842)
6) I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed) by Manzoni

Question 13

What % of Italians were Catholic?

Answer 13

90%

Question 14

Define the following ideas:
a) Political apathy
b) Parochialism

Answer 14

a) Political apathy - no interest in politics, only interested in daily survival
b) Parochialism – Only concerned with local affairs

Question 15

Who were the Great Powers?

Answer 15

GB, France, Prussia, Russia and Austria

Question 16

What was the name of the Austrian chancellor who would not allow any form of Italian nationalism?

Answer 16

Metternich

Question 17

List the name of 5 secret societies:

Answer 17

1) Aldefi
2) Federati
3) Spillo Negro
4) Freemasons
5) Carbonari

Question 18

What were three weaknesses of the secret societies?

Answer 18

Divided aims
Did not work together
Different political outlooks
Only middle class
Secret
No mass movement

Question 19

Who made up the revolutionaries in Modena and Parma in 1830 and what did they revolt for?

Answer 19

Students for a constitution and freedom from Austria

Question 20

What was the main reason for revolt in the Papal States?

Answer 20

Anti Papal rule

Question 21

List 3 reasons for the failure of the 1830 Revolutions

Answer 21

Popular support was not encouraged and the revolts were mainly middle class.

Revolutions were local affairs, not national

Divided aims.

Question 22

What was the Risorgimento?

Answer 22

An ideological and literary movement that helped to arouse the national consciousness of the Italian people

Question 23

Causes of the 1848 Revolution:

Answer 23

1) Long Term Hatred of Austria

2) Short Term reforms of Pius IX

3) Economic - Rising price of bread caused by harvest failures, Austrian monopoly on Tobacco in Lombardy prisoners, inspired Statuto in Piedmont

4) Social - Living conditions in Naples, which had a life expectancy of 24. Harvest failures in 1846-7

Question 24

Why was constitutional change not important to most Italians?

Answer 24

Political apathy because daily survival mattered

Question 25

What was the Riformisti and what did it believe?

Answer 25

A group who planned for the economic resurgence of Italy free from Austrian control. Wider part of Risorgimento movement.

Question 26

What was life expectancy in Naples in the 1840s?

Answer 26

24

Question 27

What was the name of Mazzini’s nationalist, anti Austrian group?

Answer 27

Young Italy

Question 28

List 3 aims of this group

Answer 28

All men free and equal
Free from Austrian control
Union of all Italian speaking province
A republic
Equal society with fair rights for all

Question 29

List three actions Young Italy took during the 1830s and 40s.

Answer 29

Genoa in 1831
Piedmontese army in 1833
Savoy in 1834
1844 Bandiero brothers tried to start an uprising in Naples

Question 30

Summarise 4 reasons for the failures of Mazzini.

Answer 30

1) His ideas alienated the rich supporters of unification as he wanted to redistribute wealth.

2) His ideas were too intellectual for the masses. Most of his supporters were from privileged, educated backgrounds.

3) He was absent from Italy for long periods (40 years in total) and became out of touch with the situation

4) He knew very little about the peasants and made little contact with them.

Question 31

What was the Albertisti and who supported it?

Answer 31

Balbo and Azeglio – King Of piedmont should lead Italy

Question 32

What were neo-guelphs and who supported it?

Answer 32

Gioberti – Pope should lad an Italian federation

Question 33

What was the name of the anti Austrian/Anti papal book written by Azeglio in 1846?

Answer 33

“On Recent Events in Romagna” in 1846