Book Vocab Flashcards
crystalline
solid in which atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in patterns with long range, repeating order.
amorphous
solid in which atoms or molecules do not have any long-range order.
heterogeneous mixture
mixture in which the composition varies from one region to another
homogeneous mixture
mixture with the same composition
throughout
decanting
method of separating immiscible liquids by pouring the top layer into another container
distillation
The process by which mixtures of miscible liquids are separated by heating the mixture to boil off the more volatile liquid. The vaporized component is then recondensed and collected in a separate flask
volatiel
tending to vaporize easily
filtration
A procedure used to separate a mixture composed of an insoluble solid and a liquid by pouring it through filter paper or some other porous membrane or layer
intensive property
A property such as density that is independent of the amount of a given substance
extensive property
A property that depends on the amount of a given substance, such as mass
metal
A large class of elements that are generally good conductors of heat and electricity, lmalleable, ductile, lustrous, and tend to lose electrons during chemical change
non metal
A class of elements that tend to be poor conductors of heat and electricity and usually gain electrons during chemical reaction
metalloid
A category of elements found on the boundary between the metals and nonmetals of the periodic table, with properties intermediate between those of both groups; also called semimetals
semiconductor
A material with intermediate electrical conductivity that can be changed and controlled
main group elements
Those elements found in the s or p blocks of the periodic table, whose properties tend to be predictable based on their position in the table
transition elements
Those elements found in the d block of the periodic table whose properties tend to be less predictable based simply on their position in the table
family
A group of organic compounds with the same functional
group
noble gases
The group 8A elements, which are largely unreactive (inert) due to their stable filled p orbitals
alkali metals
Highly reactive metals in group 1A of the periodic table
alkaline earth metals
Fairly reactive metals in group 2A of the periodic table
halogens
Highly reactive nonmetals in group 7A of the periodic table
radioactivity
The state of those unstable atoms that emit subatomic particles or high energy electromagnetic radiation
nuclear theory
The theory that most of the atom’s mass and all of its positive charge is contained in a small, dense nucleus
atomic mass unit
A unit used to express the masses of atoms and subatomic particles, defined as 1>12 the mass of a carbon atom containing 6 protons and 6 neutrons
atomic number
The number of protons in an atom; the atomic number defines the element
isotope
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons and consequently different masses
natural abundance
The relative percentage of a particular isotope in a naturally occurring sample with respect to other isotopes of the same element
mass number
The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
ion
An atom or molecule with a net charge caused by the loss or gain of electron
cation
A positively charged ion
anion
A negatively charged ion
chemical formula
a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction, a balanced equation contains equal numbers of atoms of each element on both sides in atoms and molecules
empirical formula
A chemical formula that shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in the compound