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Univ Chem TH106 1:30-2:20 MTWF > Book Vocab > Flashcards

Book Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

crystalline

A

solid in which atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in patterns with long range, repeating order.

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2
Q

amorphous

A

solid in which atoms or molecules do not have any long-range order.

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3
Q

heterogeneous mixture

A

mixture in which the composition varies from one region to another

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4
Q

homogeneous mixture

A

mixture with the same composition

throughout

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5
Q

decanting

A

method of separating immiscible liquids by pouring the top layer into another container

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6
Q

distillation

A

The process by which mixtures of miscible liquids are separated by heating the mixture to boil off the more volatile liquid. The vaporized component is then recondensed and collected in a separate flask

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7
Q

volatiel

A

tending to vaporize easily

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8
Q

filtration

A

A procedure used to separate a mixture composed of an insoluble solid and a liquid by pouring it through filter paper or some other porous membrane or layer

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9
Q

intensive property

A

A property such as density that is independent of the amount of a given substance

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10
Q

extensive property

A

A property that depends on the amount of a given substance, such as mass

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11
Q

metal

A

A large class of elements that are generally good conductors of heat and electricity, lmalleable, ductile, lustrous, and tend to lose electrons during chemical change

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12
Q

non metal

A

A class of elements that tend to be poor conductors of heat and electricity and usually gain electrons during chemical reaction

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13
Q

metalloid

A

A category of elements found on the boundary between the metals and nonmetals of the periodic table, with properties intermediate between those of both groups; also called semimetals

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14
Q

semiconductor

A

A material with intermediate electrical conductivity that can be changed and controlled

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15
Q

main group elements

A

Those elements found in the s or p blocks of the periodic table, whose properties tend to be predictable based on their position in the table

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16
Q

transition elements

A

Those elements found in the d block of the periodic table whose properties tend to be less predictable based simply on their position in the table

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17
Q

family

A

A group of organic compounds with the same functional

group

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18
Q

noble gases

A

The group 8A elements, which are largely unreactive (inert) due to their stable filled p orbitals

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19
Q

alkali metals

A

Highly reactive metals in group 1A of the periodic table

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20
Q

alkaline earth metals

A

Fairly reactive metals in group 2A of the periodic table

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21
Q

halogens

A

Highly reactive nonmetals in group 7A of the periodic table

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22
Q

radioactivity

A

The state of those unstable atoms that emit subatomic particles or high energy electromagnetic radiation

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23
Q

nuclear theory

A

The theory that most of the atom’s mass and all of its positive charge is contained in a small, dense nucleus

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24
Q

atomic mass unit

A

A unit used to express the masses of atoms and subatomic particles, defined as 1>12 the mass of a carbon atom containing 6 protons and 6 neutrons

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25
Q

atomic number

A

The number of protons in an atom; the atomic number defines the element

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26
Q

isotope

A

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons and consequently different masses

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27
Q

natural abundance

A

The relative percentage of a particular isotope in a naturally occurring sample with respect to other isotopes of the same element

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28
Q

mass number

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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29
Q

ion

A

An atom or molecule with a net charge caused by the loss or gain of electron

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30
Q

cation

A

A positively charged ion

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31
Q

anion

A

A negatively charged ion

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32
Q

chemical formula

A

a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction, a balanced equation contains equal numbers of atoms of each element on both sides in atoms and molecules

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33
Q

empirical formula

A

A chemical formula that shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in the compound

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34
Q

molecular formula

A

A chemical formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound

35
Q

ball-and-stick mocel

A

A representation of the arrangement of atoms in a molecule that shows how the atoms are bonded to each other and the overall shape of the molecul

36
Q

space filling molecular model

A

a representation of a molecule that shows how the atoms fill the space between them

37
Q

binary compound

A

a compound that contains only two different elements

38
Q

oxyanion

A

a polyatomic anion containing a nonmetal covalently bonded to one or more oxygen atoms

39
Q

hydrate

A

an ionic compound that contains a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula unit

40
Q

acid

A

A molecular compound that is able to donate an H+ ion ( proton) when dissolved in water, thereby increasing the concentration of H

41
Q

binary acid

A

an acid composed of hydrogen and a nonmetal

42
Q

oxyacid

A

an acid composed of hydrogen and oxyanion

43
Q

formula mass

A

the average mass of a molecule of a compound in amu

44
Q

mass spectrometry

A

a measure of the quantity of matter making up an object

45
Q

mole

A

a unit defined as the amount of material containing 6.00*10^23 particles

46
Q

polyatomic ion

A

a ion composed of two or more atoms

47
Q

oxyanion

A

a polyatomic anion containing a nonmetal covalently bonded to one or more oxygen atoms

48
Q

hydrate

A

an ionic compound that contains a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula unit

49
Q

mass percent composition

mass percent

A

an element’s percentage of the total mass of a compound containing the element

50
Q

empirical formula molar mass

A

the sum of the masses of all the atoms in an empirical formula

51
Q

combustion analysis

A

a method of obtaining empirical formulas for unknown compounds, especially those containing carbon and hydrogen by burning a sample of the compound in pure oxygen and analyzing the product of the combustion reaction

52
Q

combustion reaction

A

a type of chemical reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen to form one or more oxygen containing compounds, the reaction often causes the evolution of heat and light in the form of flame

53
Q

reactants

A

the starting substance of a chemical reaction, they appear to the left-hand side of the chemical equation

54
Q

products

A

the substances produced in a chemical reaction, they appear on the right-hand of a chemical equation

55
Q

barometer

A

an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure

56
Q

atmosphere

A

a unit of pressure based on the average pressure of air at sea level
1atm=101.325 Pa

57
Q

pascal

A

the SI unit of pressure, defined as N/m^2

58
Q

manometer

A

An instrument used to determine the pressure of a
gaseous sample, consisting of a liquid-filled U-shaped tube with one end exposed to the ambient pressure and the other end connected to the sample

59
Q

boyle’s law

A

the law that states that volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure v=1/p

60
Q

charles’s law

A

the law that states that the volume of gas is directly proportional to its temperature v=T

61
Q

ideal gas law

A

the law that combines the relationships of Boyle’s and Charles’s law, and Avogadro’s law into one comprehensive equation of state with the proportionality constant R in the for ov PV=nRT

62
Q

ideal gas constant

A

the proportionality constant of the ideal gas law, R, equal to 8.314J/mol * K or 0.08206 L * atm/mol * K

63
Q

molar volume

A

the volume occupied by one mole of gas, the molar volume of an ideal gas at STP is 22.4L

64
Q

standard temp and pressure STP

A

the conditions of T=0C and P = 1atm, used primarily in refrence to gas

65
Q

partial pressure

A

the pressure due to any individual component in a gas mixture

66
Q

dalton’s law of partial pressure

A

the law stating that the sun of the partial pressures of the components in a gas mixture must equal the total pressure

67
Q

mole fraction

A

the number of moles of a component in a mixture divided by the total number of molesl in the mixture

68
Q

hypoxia

A

a physiological condition caused by low levels of oxygen, marked by dizziness, headache, shortness of breath, and eventually unconsciousness or even death in severe cases

69
Q

vapor pressure

A

the partial pressure of a vapor in dynamic equilibrium with its liquid

70
Q

energy

A

the capacity to do work

71
Q

work

A

the result of a force acting through a distance

72
Q

heat

A

the flow of energy caused by a temperature difference

73
Q

kinetic energy

A

the energy associated with motion of an object

74
Q

thermal energy

A

a type of kinetic energy associated with the temperature of an object, arising from the motion of individual atoms or molecules in the object

75
Q

potential energy

A

the energy associated with the position or composition of an object

76
Q

chemical energy

A

the energy associated with the relative positions of electrons and nuclei in atoms and molecules

77
Q

law of conservation of energy

A

a law stating that energy can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction

78
Q

system

A

in thermodynamics, the portion of the universe that is singled out for investigation

79
Q

surroundings

A

in thermodynamics, everything in the universe that exists outside the system under investigation

80
Q

joule

A

the SI unit for energy, equal to 1kg*m^2/s^2

81
Q

calorie

A

a unit of energy defined as the amount of energy required to raise one gro=am of water 1C, equal to 4.184J

82
Q

Calorie

A

shorthand notation for the kilocalorie or 1000 calories, also called the nutritional calorie, the unit of energy used on nutritional labels

83
Q

kilowatt-hour

A

an energy unit used primarily to express large amounts of energy produced by the flow of electricity equal to 3.60*10^6J

Univ Chem TH106 1:30-2:20 MTWF (7 decks)

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