Book - terms Flashcards
opportunity for crime
“an attractive an unguarded target”
strongest predictor of criminal behavior
the number of delinquent friends a person has
Berndt’s Study
Surveyed school kids to see how they would respond to peer pressure situations
- conformity increased 3-9th grade and then declined
- conformity to parents on decline during same period
cross cultural variation in peer interaction
- French families do NOT encourage play with other kids
- Europeans much less likely to rely on peers
- German parents control kids until late adolescence
- Americans have greater social maturity but have greater problems with self-control and autonomy later in life
Kandel & Lesser (US & Denmark Variation)
- Denmark kids have fewer friends but deeper friendships
- View parents as companions
- Go to friends for moral questions
- parents and friends carry same norms
What creates a collective mind?
Increased suggestibility and contagious behavior
- Anonymity
- Unaccountability
- Invincibility
Deindividuation
loosing self-awareness in a group
2 inputs: Anonymity & Diffusion of Responsibility
Diffusion Hypothesis “Risky Shift”
- group decisions are riskier than individuals
- instigator suggests the offense, lifts moral responsibility
2 Factors Necessary for Initiation & Maintenance of Female Delinquency
- Puberty
2. Boys
3 factors criminal events depend on
- convergence of motivated offenders
- suitable targets
- absence of guardians
Gottfredson & Hirschi - Social Control Theory
- reject peer influence
- criminal behavior is absence of self-control
- self-control reduces the inclination to act deviantly
Life Course Approach
Shifts the analysis from individuals to phases of life
Selective Desistance
offenders who remain active will increasingly be composed of persons from the first category of offenders
Abbetor
Commands/encourages/instigates the crime
Accessory before the face
one who is absent at scene of crime but encourages the crime to be committed
Aids
lack criminal intent and knowledge of the wrongful purpose of the perpetrator
3 ways parents influence teen lives
- importance of time (more time with parents)
- formation of friends (attachment to parents)
- psychologically present parents
3 Measures of Peer Influence
- amount of time spent with friends
- exposure to friends
- commitment to friends
