Book - ch. 5

Question 1

Martin Gold’s National Youth Survey (NYS)

Answer 1

3 issues:

1. longevity of groups - short
2. degree of offense specialization
3. nature of instigation in delinquent groups

Question 2

ontogenetic theory of crime

Answer 2

asserts that the propensity to engage in crime is present at an early age, is stable through life, and consequently is unaffected by events that occur in life.

Question 3

sociogenetic theory of crime

Answer 3

maintains that life-course events like marriage, full-time employment, college attendance, and entry into the military have a pronounced affect on criminal careers. The shift toward the life-course approach within criminology was encouraged by the publication of an influential book by Robert Samp- son and John Laub entitled Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points in Life (1993).

Question 4

temporary deliquents

Answer 4

those who had no further criminal convictions or self-reported offenses after age sixteen

Question 5

continuing delinquents

Answer 5

those who continued to commit offenses after age sixteen

Question 6

Interactional Theory

Answer 6

associating with delinquent peers leads to increases in delinquency via reinforcement by peer network