book study questions Test1 Flashcards
1
Q
cholesterol level and longevity
A
Inversely related
2
Q
smoking and the likelihood of cardiovascular disease
A
directly related
3
Q
years employed and days of vacation earned per year
A
directly related
4
Q
IQ and shoe size
A
unrelated
5
Q
caloric intake and weight
A
directly related
6
Q
hours spent exercising and weight
A
inversely related
7
Q
alcohol intake and sobriety
A
inversely related
8
Q
what is the reciprocal of 20?
A
1/20
9
Q
How are the size of a tree and its age related?
A
directly
10
Q
how are the height of a person and the color of his automobile related?
A
unrelated
11
Q
how is the age of a loaf of bread related to its freshness?
A
inversely
12
Q
which of the following is and appropriate unit for area?
seconds, yards, inches, cm3, square yards
A
square yards
13
Q
which of the following is NOT an appropriate unit for volume?
cubic miles, gallons, cm, cm3, pint
A
cm
14
Q
all of the following are measures of length except?
mile, inch, mm, second, km
A
second
15
Q
list these metric terms in increasing order:
mega, micro, milli, hecto, deca, deci
A
micro, milli, deci, deca, hecto, mega
16
Q
list these metric terms in decreasing order:
nano, centi, giga, kilo, hecto, micro
A
giga, kilo, hecto, centi, micro, nano
17
Q
how many millileters are in 8 liters?
A
8,000 milliliters
18
Q
how many centimeters are in 3 meters?
A
300 centimeters
19
Q
how many kilometers are in 3000 meters?
A
3 kilometers
20
Q
what is the reciprocal of 100?
A
1/100 or 0.01
21
Q
what is the reciprocal of 1/8?
A
8
22
Q
how many hertz is 3MHz?
A
3,000,000Hz
23
Q
how many milliliters are contained in a jar filled with 5 liters of fluid?
A
5000
24
Q
how many liters are contained in 80ml of fluid?
A
0.080
25
how much bigger is a thousand than ten?
100 times bigger
26
how much bigger is a billion than a million?
1000 times greater
27
how much smaller is a hundred than a thousand?
1/tenth
28
what do waves transfer from one location to another?
energy
29
describe a sound wave
series of compressions and rarefactions
30
which of the following terms does not belong with the others?
compression, region of high density, region of high pressure, wide molecular spacing
wide molecular spacing
31
variations in all of the following identify specific waves as acoustic waves except:
pressure, parameters, density, acoustic variables
parameters
32
all of the following are true of sound waves except:
they are acoustic, they are pressure waves, they are transverse, they move energy
they are transverse
33
all of the following are acoustic parameters except:
pressure, period, propagation speed, frequency
pressure
34
what best describes sound waves?
## Footnote
longitudinal, pressure waves
35
two waves are traveling in a medium and arrive at a locationat the same time. What event takes place?
interference
36
which types of waves will exhibit both constructive and destructive interference?
waves of different frequency
37
what units are used to report the pressure of a sound beam?
pascals
38
Acoustic variables allow us to determine which waves are sound waves and which are not.
True
39
Acoustic parameters are used to describe the features of sound waves.
True
40
which of the following waves is infrasonic?
4MHz, 400kHz, 28Hz, 2Hz
2Hz
41
identify the wave that is ultrasonic:
400mHz, 4MHz, 28Hz, 2Hz
4MHz
42
which of these waves is ultrasonic and most useful in diagnostic sonography?
400MHz, 4MHz, 2kHz, 200,000Hz
4MHz
43
identify all the waves waves that are inaudible:
4MHz, 400kHz, 28Hz, 2Hz
4MHz, 400kHz, 2Hz
44
which of the following waves has the longer period?
2MHz, 4,000Hz, 6Hz, 1kHz
6Hz
45
Of the four waves whose periods are listed below, which has the highest frequency?
8s, 80µs, 8Ms, 800ks
80µs
period and frequency are inverse
wave with the shortest period has the highest frequency
46
of these four waves, whose frequencies are listed below, which has the shortest period?
12kHz, 6,000Hz, 205Hz, 1kHz
12kHz
47
of the four waves whose periods are listed below, which has the lowest frequency?
8s, 80µs, 8Ms, 800ks
8Ms
longest period has shortest frequency
48
what are the units of:
wavelength, frequency, intensity, propagation speed, period, power
any units of length, Hz, Watts/cm2, m/s, any unit of time, Watts
49
does the medium or the sound source determine these parameters?
wavelength, frequency, intensity(initial), propagation speed, period, power(initial), amplitude(initial)
both, source, source, medium, source, source, source
50
Using a particular ultrasound system and transducer, which of the following cannot be changed by the operator?
wavelength, frequency, intensity, propagation speed, period, power, amplitude(initial)
cannot, cannot, can, cannot, cannot, can, can
51
A wave with a frequency of 15,000MHz is ultrasonic.
True
anything over 20,000Hz is ultrasonic
(15,000MHz=15,000,000,000Hz)
52
If the amplitude of a wave is increased to 3 times its original value, the intensity is increased by 6 times.
False
intensity is proportional to the amplitude squared
if amplitude is tripled, then intensity increases by a factor of 9
53
If the power of a wave is halved, the intensity is reduced to 1/4 its original value.
False
intensity is the power of a beam divided by its cross-sectional area
if we halve the power, we halve the intensity
54
propagation speed increases as frequency increases
False
propagation speed is only determined by the medium
55
Medium 1 has a density of 9 and a stiffness of 6. Medium 2 has a density of 8 and a stiffness of 6.
In which medium wil sound travel slower?
Medium 1
both have the same stiffness
the medium with the greater density has the lower speed
56
which of the following characteristics will create the fastest speed of sound?
high density-high stiffness
low density-high stiffness
high density-low stiffness
low density-low stiffness
low density-high stiffness
Speed is inversely proportional to density and directly proportional to stiffness
57
which of the following characteristics will create the slowest speed of sound?
high density-high stiffness
low density-high stiffness
high density-low stiffness
low density-low stiffness
high density-low stiffness
speed is inversely proportional to density and directly proportional to stiffness
58
if the power in a beam is 1 watt and the area is 5cm2, what is the beam's intensity?
0.2W/cm2
remember, intensity is W/cm2
1W/5cm2=0.2W/cm2
59
if intensity remains the same while the power is doubled, what has happened to the beam area?
it is doubled
intensity equals power divided by are
60
a sound beam travels a total of 10cm in 2 sec. What is the speed of the sound?
5cm/sec
10cm/2sec=5cm/sec
61
propagation speed increases as frequency increases
false
speed and frequency are unrelated
62
propagation speed increases as frequency decreases
false
speed and frequency are unrelated
63
propagation speed does not change as frequency increases
true
propagation speed and frequency are unrelated
64
what is the wavelength of 3MHz in soft tissue?
0.51mm
65
what is the wavelength of a wave with an unknown frequency traveling in soft tissue
the answer has to be a unit of distance
66
what is the wavelength of 2MHz sound in soft tissue?
0.77mm
67
the effects of sound waves on tissue in the body are called:
bioeffects
68
which of the following are considered acoustic variables?
frequency, density, particle motion, temperature, period, pressure
density, particle motion, pressure
69
which of the following are considered acoustic parameters?
frequency, density, distance, pressure, period
frequency and period
70
the effects of tissue on sound waves are called:
acoustic propagation properties
71
the effects on a medium on an ultrasound wave are called:
acoustic propagation properties
72
how are the following prameters related?
frequency-period
amplitude-power
amplitude-intensity
power-intensity
wavelength-intensity
wavelength-frequency
acoustic velocity-density
elasticity-speed of sound
acoustic velosity-compressibility stiffness-sound speed
frequency-sound speed
frequency-intensity
power-frequency
inversely
directly
directly
directly
unrelated
inversely
inversely
inversely
inversely
directly
unrelated
unrelated
unrelated
73
which of these four values for PRF would have the longest PRP?
2kHz, 4,000Hz, 6Hz, 1kHz
6Hz
PRP is the reciprocal of PRF
74
four pulses have PRPs as listed below
which of the following four waves has the highest PRF?
8s, 80ms, 5ms, 400ks
5ms
shortest pulse duration will have the highest PRF
75
which of these four pulses with PRFs listed below has the shortest PRP?
12kHz, 6,000Hz, 20kHz, 1kHz
20kHz
PRP is the reciprocal of PRF
highest PRF has the shortest PRP
76
Four waves have PRPs as listed below
which of the following four waves has the lowest PRF?
8s, 80µs, 8,000ns, 800ms
8s
pulse with the longest pulse duration will have the lowest PRF
77
Two waves can have identical PRFs, even if their PRPs are different.
false
two waves can never have identical PRFs if their PRPs are different
78
two waves can have identical PRFs, even if their periods are different
true
period and PRF are unrelated
79
two waves can have identical PRFs, even if their frequencies are different
true
frequency and PRF are unrelated
80
PRF and PRP are determined only by the imaging depth
true
this is a very important concept
81
if all other factors remain unchanged, what happens to the duty factor when the
## Footnote
PRF increases?
increases
82
if all other factors remain unchanged, what happens to the duty factor when imaging depth increases?
decreases
83
if all other factors remain unchanged, what happens to the duty factor when the PRP increases?
decreases
84
if all other factors remain unchanged, what happens to the duty factor when the sonographer uses a new transducer with a longer pulse duration?
increases
85
what is the duty factor if the pulse duration is 1µs and the PRP is 1ms?
0.001
86
which of the following terms does not belong with the others?
high duty factor, shallow imaging, low PRF, short PRP
low PRF is associated with deep imaging
the others are associated with shallow imaging
87
which of the following terms does not belong with the others?
low duty factor, shallow imaging, low PRF, long PRP
shallow imaging
the others are associated with deep imaging
88
what is the time from the start of a pulse to the end of that pulse?
pulse duration
89
what is the time from the start of a pulse to the start of the next pulse?
pulse repetition period (PRP)
90
PRF is the reciprocal of:
PRP
91
by changing the imaging depth, what does the operator also change?
PRF
duty factor
PRP
92
what's the formula for duty factor?
pulse duration
## Footnote
----------------------------
pulse repetition period
