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Fall:Physics > book study questions Test1 > Flashcards

book study questions Test1 Flashcards

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1
Q

cholesterol level and longevity

A

Inversely related

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2
Q

smoking and the likelihood of cardiovascular disease

A

directly related

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3
Q

years employed and days of vacation earned per year

A

directly related

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4
Q

IQ and shoe size

A

unrelated

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5
Q

caloric intake and weight

A

directly related

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6
Q

hours spent exercising and weight

A

inversely related

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7
Q

alcohol intake and sobriety

A

inversely related

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8
Q

what is the reciprocal of 20?

A

1/20

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9
Q

How are the size of a tree and its age related?

A

directly

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10
Q

how are the height of a person and the color of his automobile related?

A

unrelated

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11
Q

how is the age of a loaf of bread related to its freshness?

A

inversely

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12
Q

which of the following is and appropriate unit for area?

seconds, yards, inches, cm3, square yards

A

square yards

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13
Q

which of the following is NOT an appropriate unit for volume?

cubic miles, gallons, cm, cm3, pint

A

cm

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14
Q

all of the following are measures of length except?

mile, inch, mm, second, km

A

second

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15
Q

list these metric terms in increasing order:

mega, micro, milli, hecto, deca, deci

A

micro, milli, deci, deca, hecto, mega

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16
Q

list these metric terms in decreasing order:

nano, centi, giga, kilo, hecto, micro

A

giga, kilo, hecto, centi, micro, nano

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17
Q

how many millileters are in 8 liters?

A

8,000 milliliters

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18
Q

how many centimeters are in 3 meters?

A

300 centimeters

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19
Q

how many kilometers are in 3000 meters?

A

3 kilometers

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20
Q

what is the reciprocal of 100?

A

1/100 or 0.01

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21
Q

what is the reciprocal of 1/8?

A

8

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22
Q

how many hertz is 3MHz?

A

3,000,000Hz

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23
Q

how many milliliters are contained in a jar filled with 5 liters of fluid?

A

5000

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24
Q

how many liters are contained in 80ml of fluid?

A

0.080

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25
Q

how much bigger is a thousand than ten?

A

100 times bigger

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26
Q

how much bigger is a billion than a million?

A

1000 times greater

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27
Q

how much smaller is a hundred than a thousand?

A

1/tenth

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28
Q

what do waves transfer from one location to another?

A

energy

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29
Q

describe a sound wave

A

series of compressions and rarefactions

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30
Q

which of the following terms does not belong with the others?

compression, region of high density, region of high pressure, wide molecular spacing

A

wide molecular spacing

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31
Q

variations in all of the following identify specific waves as acoustic waves except:

pressure, parameters, density, acoustic variables

A

parameters

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32
Q

all of the following are true of sound waves except:

they are acoustic, they are pressure waves, they are transverse, they move energy

A

they are transverse

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33
Q

all of the following are acoustic parameters except:

pressure, period, propagation speed, frequency

A

pressure

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34
Q

what best describes sound waves?

A

longitudinal, pressure waves

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35
Q

two waves are traveling in a medium and arrive at a locationat the same time. What event takes place?

A

interference

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36
Q

which types of waves will exhibit both constructive and destructive interference?

A

waves of different frequency

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37
Q

what units are used to report the pressure of a sound beam?

A

pascals

38
Q

Acoustic variables allow us to determine which waves are sound waves and which are not.

A

True

39
Q

Acoustic parameters are used to describe the features of sound waves.

A

True

40
Q

which of the following waves is infrasonic?

4MHz, 400kHz, 28Hz, 2Hz

A

2Hz

41
Q

identify the wave that is ultrasonic:

400mHz, 4MHz, 28Hz, 2Hz

A

4MHz

42
Q

which of these waves is ultrasonic and most useful in diagnostic sonography?

400MHz, 4MHz, 2kHz, 200,000Hz

A

4MHz

43
Q

identify all the waves waves that are inaudible:

4MHz, 400kHz, 28Hz, 2Hz

A

4MHz, 400kHz, 2Hz

44
Q

which of the following waves has the longer period?

2MHz, 4,000Hz, 6Hz, 1kHz

A

6Hz

45
Q

Of the four waves whose periods are listed below, which has the highest frequency?

8s, 80µs, 8Ms, 800ks

A

80µs

period and frequency are inverse

wave with the shortest period has the highest frequency

46
Q

of these four waves, whose frequencies are listed below, which has the shortest period?

12kHz, 6,000Hz, 205Hz, 1kHz

A

12kHz

47
Q

of the four waves whose periods are listed below, which has the lowest frequency?

8s, 80µs, 8Ms, 800ks

A

8Ms

longest period has shortest frequency

48
Q

what are the units of:

wavelength, frequency, intensity, propagation speed, period, power

A

any units of length, Hz, Watts/cm2, m/s, any unit of time, Watts

49
Q

does the medium or the sound source determine these parameters?

wavelength, frequency, intensity(initial), propagation speed, period, power(initial), amplitude(initial)

A

both, source, source, medium, source, source, source

50
Q

Using a particular ultrasound system and transducer, which of the following cannot be changed by the operator?

wavelength, frequency, intensity, propagation speed, period, power, amplitude(initial)

A

cannot, cannot, can, cannot, cannot, can, can

51
Q

A wave with a frequency of 15,000MHz is ultrasonic.

A

True

anything over 20,000Hz is ultrasonic

(15,000MHz=15,000,000,000Hz)

52
Q

If the amplitude of a wave is increased to 3 times its original value, the intensity is increased by 6 times.

A

False

intensity is proportional to the amplitude squared

if amplitude is tripled, then intensity increases by a factor of 9

53
Q

If the power of a wave is halved, the intensity is reduced to 1/4 its original value.

A

False

intensity is the power of a beam divided by its cross-sectional area

if we halve the power, we halve the intensity

54
Q

propagation speed increases as frequency increases

A

False

propagation speed is only determined by the medium

55
Q

Medium 1 has a density of 9 and a stiffness of 6. Medium 2 has a density of 8 and a stiffness of 6.

In which medium wil sound travel slower?

A

Medium 1

both have the same stiffness

the medium with the greater density has the lower speed

56
Q

which of the following characteristics will create the fastest speed of sound?

high density-high stiffness

low density-high stiffness

high density-low stiffness

low density-low stiffness

A

low density-high stiffness

Speed is inversely proportional to density and directly proportional to stiffness

57
Q

which of the following characteristics will create the slowest speed of sound?

high density-high stiffness

low density-high stiffness

high density-low stiffness

low density-low stiffness

A

high density-low stiffness

speed is inversely proportional to density and directly proportional to stiffness

58
Q

if the power in a beam is 1 watt and the area is 5cm2, what is the beam’s intensity?

A

0.2W/cm2

remember, intensity is W/cm2

1W/5cm2=0.2W/cm2

59
Q

if intensity remains the same while the power is doubled, what has happened to the beam area?

A

it is doubled

intensity equals power divided by are

60
Q

a sound beam travels a total of 10cm in 2 sec. What is the speed of the sound?

A

5cm/sec

10cm/2sec=5cm/sec

61
Q

propagation speed increases as frequency increases

A

false

speed and frequency are unrelated

62
Q

propagation speed increases as frequency decreases

A

false

speed and frequency are unrelated

63
Q

propagation speed does not change as frequency increases

A

true

propagation speed and frequency are unrelated

64
Q

what is the wavelength of 3MHz in soft tissue?

A

0.51mm

65
Q

what is the wavelength of a wave with an unknown frequency traveling in soft tissue

A

the answer has to be a unit of distance

66
Q

what is the wavelength of 2MHz sound in soft tissue?

A

0.77mm

67
Q

the effects of sound waves on tissue in the body are called:

A

bioeffects

68
Q

which of the following are considered acoustic variables?

frequency, density, particle motion, temperature, period, pressure

A

density, particle motion, pressure

69
Q

which of the following are considered acoustic parameters?

frequency, density, distance, pressure, period

A

frequency and period

70
Q

the effects of tissue on sound waves are called:

A

acoustic propagation properties

71
Q

the effects on a medium on an ultrasound wave are called:

A

acoustic propagation properties

72
Q

how are the following prameters related?

frequency-period

amplitude-power

amplitude-intensity

power-intensity

wavelength-intensity

wavelength-frequency

acoustic velocity-density

elasticity-speed of sound

acoustic velosity-compressibility stiffness-sound speed

frequency-sound speed

frequency-intensity

power-frequency

A

inversely

directly

directly

directly

unrelated

inversely

inversely

inversely

inversely

directly

unrelated

unrelated

unrelated

73
Q

which of these four values for PRF would have the longest PRP?

2kHz, 4,000Hz, 6Hz, 1kHz

A

6Hz

PRP is the reciprocal of PRF

74
Q

four pulses have PRPs as listed below

which of the following four waves has the highest PRF?

8s, 80ms, 5ms, 400ks

A

5ms

shortest pulse duration will have the highest PRF

75
Q

which of these four pulses with PRFs listed below has the shortest PRP?

12kHz, 6,000Hz, 20kHz, 1kHz

A

20kHz

PRP is the reciprocal of PRF

highest PRF has the shortest PRP

76
Q

Four waves have PRPs as listed below

which of the following four waves has the lowest PRF?

8s, 80µs, 8,000ns, 800ms

A

8s

pulse with the longest pulse duration will have the lowest PRF

77
Q

Two waves can have identical PRFs, even if their PRPs are different.

A

false

two waves can never have identical PRFs if their PRPs are different

78
Q

two waves can have identical PRFs, even if their periods are different

A

true

period and PRF are unrelated

79
Q

two waves can have identical PRFs, even if their frequencies are different

A

true

frequency and PRF are unrelated

80
Q

PRF and PRP are determined only by the imaging depth

A

true

this is a very important concept

81
Q

if all other factors remain unchanged, what happens to the duty factor when the

PRF increases?

A

increases

82
Q

if all other factors remain unchanged, what happens to the duty factor when imaging depth increases?

A

decreases

83
Q

if all other factors remain unchanged, what happens to the duty factor when the PRP increases?

A

decreases

84
Q

if all other factors remain unchanged, what happens to the duty factor when the sonographer uses a new transducer with a longer pulse duration?

A

increases

85
Q

what is the duty factor if the pulse duration is 1µs and the PRP is 1ms?

A

0.001

86
Q

which of the following terms does not belong with the others?

high duty factor, shallow imaging, low PRF, short PRP

A

low PRF is associated with deep imaging

the others are associated with shallow imaging

87
Q

which of the following terms does not belong with the others?

low duty factor, shallow imaging, low PRF, long PRP

A

shallow imaging

the others are associated with deep imaging

88
Q

what is the time from the start of a pulse to the end of that pulse?

A

pulse duration

89
Q

what is the time from the start of a pulse to the start of the next pulse?

A

pulse repetition period (PRP)

90
Q

PRF is the reciprocal of:

A

PRP

91
Q

by changing the imaging depth, what does the operator also change?

A

PRF

duty factor

PRP

92
Q

what’s the formula for duty factor?

A

pulse duration

pulse repetition period

Fall:Physics (10 decks)

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