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BIO 208: Test 1 > Book questions > Flashcards

Book questions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

archaea: what is it?

A

prokaryote without peptidoglycan cell wall

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1
Q

how did the idea of spontaneous generation come about?

A

people came to believe that living organisms arise from nonliving matter because they would see flies coming from manure, maggots coming from dead animals, and microorganisms appearing in liquids after a day or two

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2
Q

algae: what is it?

A

cell wall made of cellulose

photosynthetic

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3
Q

bacteria: what is it?

A

cell wall made of peptidoglycan

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4
Q

fungi: what is it?

A

cell wall made of chitin

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5
Q

helminths:what is it?

A

multicellular animals

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6
Q

protozoa: what is it?

A

unicellular, complex cell structure lacking cell wall

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7
Q

viruses: what is it?

A

not composed of cells

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8
Q

genus: erwinia
epithet: amylovora
Write the scientific name

A

Erwinia amylovora (italicized)

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9
Q

T/F bacteria-prokaryotic

A

true

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10
Q

T/F bacteria - have peptidoglycan cell walls

A

true

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11
Q

T/F bacteria - same shape

A

false

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12
Q

T/F bacteria - grow by binary fission

A

true

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13
Q

T/F bacteria - have ability to move

A

true

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14
Q

most important element of Koch’s germ theory of disease

A

the animal shows disease symptoms when a microorgansim is inoculated into the animal

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15
Q

biogenesis

A

living cells can only arise from preexisting cells

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16
Q

T/F E. coli was the first disease-causing bacterium identified by Koch

A

false

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17
Q

1 um = _____ m

A

10^-6 m

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18
Q

1 ___ = 10^-9 m

A

nm

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19
Q

1 um = ____ nm

A

10^3

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20
Q

microscope?

a stained bacterial smear

A

compound light microscope

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21
Q

microscope?

unstained bacterial cells: cells are small, no detail needed

A

darkfield microscope

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22
Q

microscope?

unstained live tissue with intracellular detail needed

A

phase-contrast microscope

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23
Q

microscope?

sample emits light

A

fluorescent microscope

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24
Q

microscope?

intracellular detail of a cell that is 1 um long

A

electron microscope

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25
Q

microscope?

unstained live cells in which intracellular structures are in color

A

differential interference contrast microscope

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26
Q

the maximum magnification of a compound microscope is ________

A

2,000x

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27
Q

maximum magnification of an electron microscope

A

100,000x

28
Q

maximum resolution of a compound microscope is _____

A

0.2 um

29
Q

maximum resolution of an electron microscope is _____

A

0.0025 um

30
Q

one advantage of a SEM over a TEM is _________

A

seeing 3 D detail

31
Q

why is mordant used in gram stain?

A

it combines with the basic dye to form a complex that will not wash out of gram (+) cells

32
Q

why is mordant used in flagella stains?

A

the mordant accumulates on the flagella so that they can be seen with a light microscope

33
Q

what is the purpose of a counterstain in the acid-fast stain?

A

it stains the colorless non-acid-fast cells so that they are easily seen through a microscope

34
Q

purpose of a decolorizer in the gram stain

A

removes the color from gram negative cells

35
Q

purpose of a decolorizer in an acid-fast stain?

A

removes the color from non-acid-fast cells

36
Q

T/F capsule - (-) stain

A

true

37
Q

cell arrangement - simple stain T/F

A

true

38
Q

T/F cell size - (-) stain

A

true

39
Q

T/F gram stain - bacterial identification

A

true

40
Q

is electron microscopy a modification of a compound light microscope

A

yes

41
Q

endospore formation is called _____

A

sporogenesis

42
Q

sporogenesis is initiated by ____

A

certain adverse environmental conditions

43
Q

formation of a new cell from an endospore is called _______

A

germination

44
Q

germination is triggered by ______

A

favorable growth conditions

45
Q

cell wall function

A

protection from osmotic lysis

46
Q

endospore function

A

resting

47
Q

fimbriae function

A

attachment to surfaces

48
Q

flagella function

A

motility

49
Q

glycocalyx function

A

protection from phagocytes and attachment to surfaces

50
Q

pili function

A

transfer of genetic material and motility

51
Q

plasma membrane function

A

cell wall formation and selective permeability

52
Q

ribosomes function

A

protein synthesis

53
Q

why is an endospore called a resting structure?

A

it provides a method for one cell to “rest: or survive, as opposed to grow and reproduce

54
Q

of what advantage is an endospore to a bacterial cell?

A

the protective endospore wall allows a bacterium to withstand adverse conditions in the environment

55
Q

compare/contrast

simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion

A

both allows materials to cross the plasma membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration without expending energy

facilitated diffusion requires carrier proteins

56
Q

compare/contrast

active transport vs. facilitated diffusion

A

both require enzymes to move materials across the membrane

in active transport energy is expended

57
Q

compare/contrast

active transport vs. group translocation

A

both move materials across the membrane with an expidenture of energy

in group translocation, the substrate is changed after it crosses membrane.

58
Q

T/F prokaryotic cells - have a single, circular chromosome

A

true

59
Q

T/F prokaryotic cells - lack membrane enclosed organelles

A

true

60
Q

T/F prokaryotic cells - have cell walls containing peptidoglycan

A

true

61
Q

T/F prokaryotic cells - their DNA is not associated with histones

A

true

62
Q

T/F glycocalyx - adherance

A

true

63
Q

T/F pili - reproduction

A

false

64
Q

T/F cell wall - toxin

A

true

65
Q

T/F cell wall- protection

A

true

66
Q

T/F plasma membrane - transport

A

true

67
Q

you have isolated a motile , gram positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can assume this cell has _______.

A

ribosomes

BIO 208: Test 1 (3 decks)

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