Book questions

Question 0

archaea: what is it?

Answer 0

prokaryote without peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 1

how did the idea of spontaneous generation come about?

Answer 1

people came to believe that living organisms arise from nonliving matter because they would see flies coming from manure, maggots coming from dead animals, and microorganisms appearing in liquids after a day or two

Question 2

algae: what is it?

Answer 2

cell wall made of cellulose

photosynthetic

Question 3

bacteria: what is it?

Answer 3

cell wall made of peptidoglycan

Question 4

fungi: what is it?

Answer 4

cell wall made of chitin

Question 5

helminths:what is it?

Answer 5

multicellular animals

Question 6

protozoa: what is it?

Answer 6

unicellular, complex cell structure lacking cell wall

Question 7

viruses: what is it?

Answer 7

not composed of cells

Question 8

genus: erwinia
epithet: amylovora
Write the scientific name

Answer 8

Erwinia amylovora (italicized)

Question 9

T/F bacteria-prokaryotic

Answer 9

true

Question 10

T/F bacteria - have peptidoglycan cell walls

Answer 10

true

Question 11

T/F bacteria - same shape

Answer 11

false

Question 12

T/F bacteria - grow by binary fission

Answer 12

true

Question 13

T/F bacteria - have ability to move

Answer 13

true

Question 14

most important element of Koch’s germ theory of disease

Answer 14

the animal shows disease symptoms when a microorgansim is inoculated into the animal

Question 15

biogenesis

Answer 15

living cells can only arise from preexisting cells

Question 16

T/F E. coli was the first disease-causing bacterium identified by Koch

Answer 16

false

Question 17

1 um = _____ m

Answer 17

10^-6 m

Question 18

1 ___ = 10^-9 m

Answer 18

nm

Question 19

1 um = ____ nm

Answer 19

10^3

Question 20

microscope?

a stained bacterial smear

Answer 20

compound light microscope

Question 21

microscope?

unstained bacterial cells: cells are small, no detail needed

Answer 21

darkfield microscope

Question 22

microscope?

unstained live tissue with intracellular detail needed

Answer 22

phase-contrast microscope

Question 23

microscope?

sample emits light

Answer 23

fluorescent microscope

Question 24

microscope? intracellular detail of a cell that is 1 um long

Answer 24

electron microscope

Question 25

microscope? unstained live cells in which intracellular structures are in color

Answer 25

differential interference contrast microscope

Question 26

the maximum magnification of a compound microscope is ________

Answer 26

2,000x

Question 27

maximum magnification of an electron microscope

Answer 27

100,000x

Question 28

maximum resolution of a compound microscope is _____

Answer 28

0.2 um

Question 29

maximum resolution of an electron microscope is _____

Answer 29

0.0025 um

Question 30

one advantage of a SEM over a TEM is _________

Answer 30

seeing 3 D detail

Question 31

why is mordant used in gram stain?

Answer 31

it combines with the basic dye to form a complex that will not wash out of gram (+) cells

Question 32

why is mordant used in flagella stains?

Answer 32

the mordant accumulates on the flagella so that they can be seen with a light microscope

Question 33

what is the purpose of a counterstain in the acid-fast stain?

Answer 33

it stains the colorless non-acid-fast cells so that they are easily seen through a microscope

Question 34

purpose of a decolorizer in the gram stain

Answer 34

removes the color from gram negative cells

Question 35

purpose of a decolorizer in an acid-fast stain?

Answer 35

removes the color from non-acid-fast cells

Question 36

T/F capsule - (-) stain

Answer 36

true

Question 37

cell arrangement - simple stain T/F

Answer 37

true

Question 38

T/F cell size - (-) stain

Answer 38

true

Question 39

T/F gram stain - bacterial identification

Answer 39

true

Question 40

is electron microscopy a modification of a compound light microscope

Answer 40

yes

Question 41

endospore formation is called _____

Answer 41

sporogenesis

Question 42

sporogenesis is initiated by ____

Answer 42

certain adverse environmental conditions

Question 43

formation of a new cell from an endospore is called _______

Answer 43

germination

Question 44

germination is triggered by ______

Answer 44

favorable growth conditions

Question 45

cell wall function

Answer 45

protection from osmotic lysis

Question 46

endospore function

Answer 46

resting

Question 47

fimbriae function

Answer 47

attachment to surfaces

Question 48

flagella function

Answer 48

motility

Question 49

glycocalyx function

Answer 49

protection from phagocytes and attachment to surfaces

Question 50

pili function

Answer 50

transfer of genetic material and motility

Question 51

plasma membrane function

Answer 51

cell wall formation and selective permeability

Question 52

ribosomes function

Answer 52

protein synthesis

Question 53

why is an endospore called a resting structure?

Answer 53

it provides a method for one cell to "rest: or survive, as opposed to grow and reproduce

Question 54

of what advantage is an endospore to a bacterial cell?

Answer 54

the protective endospore wall allows a bacterium to withstand adverse conditions in the environment

Question 55

compare/contrast simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion

Answer 55

both allows materials to cross the plasma membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration without expending energy facilitated diffusion requires carrier proteins

Question 56

compare/contrast active transport vs. facilitated diffusion

Answer 56

both require enzymes to move materials across the membrane in active transport energy is expended

Question 57

compare/contrast active transport vs. group translocation

Answer 57

both move materials across the membrane with an expidenture of energy in group translocation, the substrate is changed after it crosses membrane.

Question 58

T/F prokaryotic cells - have a single, circular chromosome

Answer 58

true

Question 59

T/F prokaryotic cells - lack membrane enclosed organelles

Answer 59

true

Question 60

T/F prokaryotic cells - have cell walls containing peptidoglycan

Answer 60

true

Question 61

T/F prokaryotic cells - their DNA is not associated with histones

Answer 61

true

Question 62

T/F glycocalyx - adherance

Answer 62

true

Question 63

T/F pili - reproduction

Answer 63

false

Question 64

T/F cell wall - toxin

Answer 64

true

Question 65

T/F cell wall- protection

Answer 65

true

Question 66

T/F plasma membrane - transport

Answer 66

true

Question 67

you have isolated a motile , gram positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can assume this cell has _______.

Answer 67

ribosomes