book notes Flashcards
what are the 4 state symbols?
(s)(l)(g)(aq)solid, liquid, gas, aqueous
what does the group number tell you?
how many electrons are in the outer shell
what does the period number tell you?
how many shells that atom has
what are ions?
atoms that have lost or gained an electron(s)
do metals lose or gain electrons to form ions?
lose electrons to form positively charged ions called cations which now have full outer shells
do non-metals lose or gain electrons to form ions?
gain electrons to form negatively charged ions called anions which now have a full outer shell
what is ionic bonding?
the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. (transfer of electrons)
what is an ionic compound?
The strong electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions, this holds the structure together. formed when positive metal ions and negative non-metal ions join.
what are some properties of an ionic compound:
- high melting and boiling point
- conduct electricity when molten or dissolved as ions are mobile
- don’t conduct electricity when solid because ions arent mobile
why do ionic compounds have a high melting and boiling point?
because a lot of energy is required to break the strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
name three properties of covalent bonding:
- occurs between non-metals
- electrons are shared
- attraction between the shared electrons and the positive charge of the protons in the nucleus
giant covalent lattice properties:
- high melting and boiling point (because much energy is required to break the many strong covalent bonds in the giant structure of atoms)
- doesn’t conduct electricity (except graphite)
small covalent molecules properties:
- low melting and boiling point
- doesn’t conduct electricity
why do small covalent molecules have low melting and boiling points?
because little heat energy is required to break weak intermolecular forces between each molecule
