Book Chapter 3 & Quiz 3 Study Guide Flashcards
Autonomy
What does Autonomous mean?
Able to make free choices as a self-determining individual.
What are the three autonomy conditions one must meet to be considered autonomous?
Independence Condition: A person must have the capacity to make choices and not be under control of an external constraint or inner-compulsion.
Competency Condition: A person must have the capacities necessary to rationally deliberate about her choices
Authenticity Condition: A person must have the capacity to discern and personally assess his own values.
What does Moral Capacity mean?
Fulfilling the three autonomy conditions when one’s state precludes autonomy for a period of time, one lacks capacity over that time.
What is a Teleological Moral Theory?
A teleological moral theory are moral theories that focus on the outcomes or consequences of an action. This approach is also referred to as consequentialist.
What is Moral Absolutism?
Moral Absolutists claim that there are ethical truths and that they apply to everyone. There are no exceptions.
What is Moral Objectivism?
There are moral truths, and they apply to everyone.
What is a Deontological moral theory?
Deontological ethical theories claim that morality is determined by duty. What is good for many is not more important than one’s duty. Someone following a deontological theory would not consider the consequences of an action. (Non-consequentialist).
Define Moral Responsibility
Being morally accountable to others for one’s own choices (deserving blame or praise).
What is Moral Deference?
Respecting another person’s choices without interferring
What is Paternalism?
Overruling people’s choices and actions for their own good.
What is a Moral Agent? What are the three levels of Moral Agency?
A person who satisfies the conditions of autonomy and is able to appropriately apple these capacities to a specific choice. An autonomous person making a specific moral choice.
- Independent Choice: A moral agent exercies his capacity to choose while being under no constraint or compulsion
- Competent Choice: A moral agent (A) makes an independent choice and (B) exercises his capacities to engage in rational deliberation
- Authentic Choice: A moral agent makes both (A) an independent choice and (B) a competent choice and (C) exercises his capacity to authentically assess his values.
Value-Neutral Autonomy
The view that maximum autonomy amounts to choosing our values without constraint and that any set of values can serve equally well as the basis for a person’s choices.
Substantive Autonomy
The view that maximum autonomy requires that our basic values be consistent with human fulfillment and flourishing, including the foundational values of morality.
What is Relational Autonomy?
Rejects individualism and emphasizes the role of human interdependence in self-discovery, establishing identity, developing authentic values, and trusting oneself.
According to Pojman, what are the characteristics of a good moral principle?
Prescriptive Public Practical Universal Overriding
