Book-based Flashcards
Give some simple multicellular forms that lack the internal complexity and metabolic demands that would require a circulatory system
sponges, cnidarians, flatworms
What is the body fluid of a single-celled organism that describes as a liquid-gel substance in which the various membrane systems and organelles are suspended?
cellular cytoplasm
What are the two main compartments of body fluids?
intracellular and extracellular
the collective fluid inside the body’s cells
intracellular compartment (intracellular fluid)
the fluid outside and surrounding the cells
extracellular compartment (extracellular fluid)
What are the subdivisions of the extracellular fluid?
- blood plasma
- interstitial (intercellular) fluid
What are the chief extracellular electrolytes?
- sodium chloride
- bicarbonate ions
What are the major intracellular electrolytes?
- potassium
- magnessium
- phosphate ions
- proteins
The “blood” of invertebrates with open circulatory systems is more complex and is often called —
hemolymph
a complex liquid tissue composed of plasma and formed elements or cellular components suspended in plasma.
blood (vertebrates)
What are the 3 plasma proteins?
- albumin
- globulin
- fibrinogen
Give the formed elements in blood (vertebrates)
- RBC or erythrocytes
- WBC or leukocytes
- cell fragments (platelets in mammals or thrombocytes in other vertebrates)
A plasma protein that helps keep plasma in osmotic equilibrium with cells of the body
albumins
A plasma protein that is very large and functions in blood coagulation
fibrinogen
Plasma minus the proteins involved in clot formation
serum
red cells form continuously from large nucleated —– in red bone marrow
erythroblasts
large scavenger cells located in the liver, bone marrow, and spleen
macrophages
Iron from the heme component of hemoglobin is salvaged to be used again; the rest of the heme is converted to a bile pigment called —
biliburin
What are the different kinds of white blood cells?
- Granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils)
- Agranulocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes)