BOOK: ANALYZING THE FRENCH REVOLUTION PART 3 Flashcards
1
Q
AFR: How the political crisis became a revolution, 1789
- The hopes and grievances of working people, 1788-1789
- The makings of a food crisis
A
- Calling of the Estates General created a surge of optimism 13th July 1788 = a savage storm devastated the ripe crops in the Paris region
- If bread rose further, starvation threatened.
- the food crisis were strongly felt in Paris and arg industrial towns (Rouen, Lyon and Nimes)
- Lyon = 30,000 unemployed silk workers
2
Q
AFR: How the political crisis became a revolution, 1789
- The hopes and grievances of working people, 1788-1789
- Popular anger at reforming ministers: Working people associate their grievances with national policy
- Popular agitation over the parlements
A
- They demanded the recall of Necker
- necker immediately ordered the return of the Paris parlement in September 1788
- October m all the provincial parlements were reopened. many compared them with the martyred senators of Ancient Rome
- Martyred: When someone e id killed for refusing to deny a a strong belief
3
Q
AFR: How the political crisis became a revolution, 1789
- The hopes and grievances of working people, 1788-1789
- The Reveillon Riots, April 1789
A
- April 1789 = suggesting the beginning of a ‘class conflict’ between rich and poor
- Owner of the Reveillon wallpaper factory: innocently commented that bread prices should be reduced so that poor workers could afford food. This was misinterpreted as suggesting that wages should be brought down.
- Angry crowds entirely destroyed the owner’s house and factory (27th April 1789). French Guards fired on the crowd (25 people)
- In response to political principles of 1789 and expressing the economic and social grievances of labourer against capitalist
4
Q
AFR: How the political crisis became a revolution, 1789
- Conflict over the Estates General
- The ‘bourgeois revolution, 1788-1789
- The alternative method of doubling the Third Estate
- Necker’s fatal indecision, December 1788
A
- They voted by order
- 1789 = Making every decision a victory for privilege
- Another voting model = the Provincial Assembly
- voting was by head and to recognize the size of the Third Estate = Numbers were doubled
- necker doubled the Third Estate but tried to please the privilege by refusing to vote by head
- The Third Estate: “it virtually was the nation”
5
Q
AFR: How the political crisis became a revolution, 1789
- The Tennis Court Oath, June 1789
lit de justice = A formal process by which the king ordered the parlement to convene, and then used royal authority to command them to register a decree.
A
- Estates-General met on 5 May 1789
- “Demanded that they be treated without humiliating distinctions, the King chose to reinforce these honorific differences”
- Bailly: Mayor of Paris
- 20th June: The deputies of the new Assembly (National Assembly) were locked out of their chamber in the Palace of Versailles. Marched to a commercial tennis court (public building). There, the deputies swore the Tennis Court Oath
6
Q
AFR: How the political crisis became a revolution, 1789
- Paris in ferment: The tense days of July 1789
NOTE: The armed citizens found enormous stocks of grain at the Abbey of Saint Lazare. They concluded that the grain crisis has been created artificially by the RICH hoarding food.
A
- the king prepared for Military intervention
- Louis XVI dismissed necker and replaced him with the authoritarian Breteuil (11 July)
- Young journalist: Camille Desmoulins encouraged the people to arm themselves
- The NATIONAL GUARD: A force made up of reliable bourgeois citizens to protect private property. This was because of other bourgeois leaders becoming alarmed
- 13th July: The crowd understood that it needed to prepare for battle and search for FOOD and WEAPONS
7
Q
AFR: How the political crisis became a revolution, 1789
- The regime loses its command of military force
- The capture of the Bastille
A
- 14th July: attacked Les Invaildes (Military hospital)
- The royal prison of the Bastille. It was considered as an emotive symbol because it was a royal fortress
- The Prison’s guards fired, killing 98 people
- The crowd was reinforced by about 60 French Guards (Commanded by a Sergeant Hulin)
- The governor of the Bastille, de Launay surrendered
8
Q
AFR: The revolutionary events of 1789
- How was the revolution consolidated in 1789?
A
- After the capture of the Bastille, the King was forced to remove the troops surrounding Paris (16th July)
- KING: The recall of Necker
- KING: Confirmed the withdrawal of troops
- KING: The nomination of Bailly as the mayor of Paris
- KING: Confirmed Lafayette as the head of the National Guard (July 17th 1789)
9
Q
AFR: How the political crisis became a revolution, 1789
- Events: The peasant revolt, July and August 1789
NOTE: insurrection: Rebellion against the government
A
- 1) Revolt of the nobles (Assembly of Notables)
- 2) Revolt of the bourgeoisie (Tennis Court Oath)
- 3) Revolt of the popular movements (Capture of the Bastille)
- 4) stage = The peasant revolution in the countryside
- Municipal revolution (after the Parisian revolution)
10
Q
AFR: How the political crisis became a revolution, 1789
- Events: The night of the Patriotic Delirium, 4 August 1789
A
- Breton Club: A group of deputies who recommended =, then demanded that the National Assembly abolish the feudal dues on peasants
- Some nobles surrounded their own privileges
- Abolished privilege, established equal responsibility for taxation, abolished venal offices and the negotiated end of feudal dues.
11
Q
AFR: How the political crisis became a revolution, 1789
- Documents: The August decrees
A
- Between 5-11 of August: the deputies reconsidered their proclamation
- Feudal dues on land were property, which was sacred
- Cannot abolish feudalism completely
12
Q
AFR: How the political crisis became a revolution, 1789
- Events: The Women’s March to versailles, October 1789
NOTE: cockade = a bundle of ribbons in the revolutionary colors (blue white and red) to be worn n a coat or hat to show that you were a ‘patriot’
A
- Women had been meanly concerned with substance (Having enough food to keep a family alive)
- “To secure the revolution, bread prices must fall, and this could only occur if Louis were forced back to Paris”
- September 1789 = The price of bread was rising again
- Louis XVI rejected the August decrees (18th September 1789) and QUESTIONED the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (4th October )
13
Q
AFR: How the political crisis became a revolution, 1789
- Events: The Women’s March to versailles, October 1789 PART 2
- Refused to toast the revolution!!
= The market women…
= Only way to stop an arisocractic…
= 7000….
= Invaded the…
A
- The market women (working women). 5th October = invaded the town hall. Decided that the only way to stop an aristocratic attack was to bring the King back to Paris
- 7000 marchers invaded the National Assembly
- Later, the women invaded the King’s chambers
