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Class 4 Prep > Book 5 > Flashcards

Book 5 Flashcards

1
Q

In a plant, potential environmental problems can be detected by plant personnel. How can they do this?

Select one:

a.
using proper sensing equipment

b.
by depending on the instrumentation fitted on the equipment

c.
by conduction regular fly-overs

d.
by noting abnormal conditions and asking questions

A

by noting abnormal conditions and asking questions

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2
Q

In essence, evaporation:

Select one:

a.
is a distillation process

b.
frees water molecules

c.
is an intermittent process

d.
is not a factor in the water cycle

A

is a distillation process

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3
Q

Before a Power Engineer does a task:

Select one:

a.
they must conduct a hazard analysis

b.
they must get permission from the shift engineer

c.
they must consider the consequences of their action

d.
they must evaluate the written procedure

A

they must consider the consequences of their action

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4
Q

This system continuously samples and analyzes stack emissions and reports data at scheduled times.

Select one:

a.
Pollution Sampling and Abatement System

b.
Constant Stack Sampling and Reporting System

c.
Emissions Monitoring and Compliance System

d.
Continuous Emission Monitoring System

A

Continuous Emission Monitoring System

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5
Q

Spills, seepages, and leaks can all be defined as:

Select one:

a.
releases

b.
discharges

c.
accidents

d.
incidents

A

releases

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6
Q

What do the biological, chemical and geological cycles try to attain in the process of cycling?

Select one:

a.
stasis

b.
constant movement

c.
surpluses

d.
balance

A

balance

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7
Q

What is “ash”?

Select one:

a.
It is what is left at the bottom of the furnace after combustion

b.
It is the part of fuel that can’t be burned

c.
It is the organic matter left after complete combustion has occurred

d.
It is a component of liquid fuels

A

It is the part of fuel that can’t be burned

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8
Q

In the oxygen cycle, where does carbon dioxide get released into the atmosphere?

Select one:

a.
the earth

b.
the oceans

c.
animals

d.
plants

A

animals

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9
Q

What kind of treatment changes organic and inorganic compounds into less hazardous forms?

a.
Physical

b.
Thermal

c.
Chemical

d.
Biological

A

Chemical

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10
Q

Dewatering of liquid waste is an example of:

Select one:

a.
a disposal method of waste handling.

b.
a physical treatment of the waste.

c.
a conversion method of waste disposal.

d.
a chemical treatment of the waste.

A

a physical treatment of the waste.

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11
Q

What is the difference between a settling pond and a cooling pond?

Select one:

a.
A cooling pond must be used with a cooling tower.

b.
A settling pond is designed to reduce liquid pollution.

c.
A cooling pond is used to remove particulate matter from cooling water.

d.
A settling pond is used only as part of a plant’s cooling water cycle.

A

A settling pond is designed to reduce liquid pollution.

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12
Q

Similar to the strategies for reducing the production of other hazardous materials, pollution can be reduced by:

Select one:

a.
Choose energy sources which don’t pollute.

b.
Disperse the pollutants over a wider area.

c.
Tax the greatest polluters

d.
Recycling the pollutants

A

Choose energy sources which don’t pollute.

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13
Q

What do animals use to change what they eat (biomass) into energy?

Select one:

a.
photosynthesis

b.
water

c.
heat from the sun

d.
oxygen

A

oxygen

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14
Q

Cooling ponds and towers are used to:

Select one:

a.
cool condenser water before returning it to its source.

b.
allow solids to settle from cooling water.

c.
recycle water back to the plant.

d.
reduce thermal pollution.

A

reduce thermal pollution.

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15
Q

The cycling of matter which are necessary for life is called the ______ cycle.

Select one:

a.
biogeochemical cycle

b.
life cycle

c.
biological cycle

d.
geohydroxy cycle

A

biogeochemical cycle

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16
Q

In the water cycle, respiration and transpiration are:

Select one:

a.
mammalian reactions

b.
metaphysical functions

c.
physical reactions

d.
biological functions

A

biological functions

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17
Q

What is the significance of the term “Global Warming Potential”?

Select one:

a.
The Global Warming Potential scale is a sliding scale that determines which greenhouse gas currently is the most damaging.

b.
It is a way of ranking a greenhouse gas’ potential to affect the Earth

c.
Global Warming Potential predicts the ability of newly formed gases to harm Earth’s atmosphere.

d.
Global Warming Potential differentiates pollutants between hazardous and non-hazardous gases.

A

It is a way of ranking a greenhouse gas’ potential to affect the Earth

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18
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding an ecosystem?

Select one:

a.
Ecosystems are made up of parasitic interdependencies

b.
Ecosystems are made up of interconnected components

c.
Ecosystems are made up of interactive symbiotics

d.
Ecosystems are made up of beneficial interdependencies

A

Ecosystems are made up of interconnected components

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19
Q

Surface impoundments must be built in accordance with the relevant regulations. This includes:

Select one:

a.
the prevention of leaching.

b.
volume monitoring.

c.
the prevention of evaporation.

d.
methods for preventing waste.

A

the prevention of leaching.

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20
Q

The ultimate use of ash depends on its composition and which factor?

a.
Disposal method

b.
Trace element composition

c.
Landfill construction

d.
The pH control

A

Trace element composition

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21
Q

Mechanical collectors may be designed for what purpose?

a.
To heat ash and melt it to form slag

b.
To trap dust on a fine cloth

c.
To cause flue gas to take a circular path

d.
To create an electric charge on the particles to be collected

A

To cause flue gas to take a circular path

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22
Q

As part of the water cycle, animals use this process to release water.

Select one:

a.
transpiration

b.
transigration

c.
respiration

d.
perspiration

A

respiration

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23
Q

Water leaves the groundwater system to become surface water through what types of discharge points?

a.
Rivers, lakes, springs, ice, snow

b.
Rivers, lakes, oceans, ice, snow

c.
Rivers, lakes, springs, sloughs

d.
Rivers, lakes, oceans, sloughs

A

Rivers, lakes, springs, sloughs

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24
Q

Many plants emit sulfur oxides. From where do these originate?

Select one:

a.
from sulphur precipitators

b.
from high temperature combustion

c.
from reactions with boiler water chemical additives

d.
from sulphur bearing fuels

A

from sulphur bearing fuels

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25
Q

Why are landfills not ideal when it comes to liquid waste disposal?

Select one:

a.
They are only suitable for small quantities of waste.

b.
They can only hold so much waste.

c.
They are only temporary solutions.

d.
These sites can leak waste into the ground.

A

These sites can leak waste into the ground.

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26
Q

Thermal pollution can cause thermoclines in large bodies of water. Thermoclines are:

Select one:

a.
isolated pockets of warmer water.

b.
areas of the lake with fluctuating temperatures

c.
permanently warmer sections of the water

d.
layers in the water with different temperatures.

A

layers in the water with different temperatures

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27
Q

What effect does NOx have on the environment?

Select one:

a.
it can magnify the effects of carbon dioxide

b.
it contributes to acid rain

c.
it can cause neutralization of the oceans

d.
it can cause industrial smog

A

it contributes to acid rain

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28
Q

What are Chlorofluorocarbons?

Select one:

a.
They are products of incomplete combustion

b.
They are gases responsible for more photochemical smog than any other pollutant

c.
They are man-made refrigerants.

d.
They are naturally occurring gases

A

They are man-made refrigerants.

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29
Q

If you can reduce the hazardous nature of a liquid waste you can:

Select one:

a.
reduce or limit the effects of a containment failure.

b.
reclassify the liquid as non-hazardous.

c.
eliminate all risks of the liquid.

d.
eliminate the need for proper containment.

A

reduce or limit the effects of a containment failure.

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30
Q

What does soil development and composition depend on?

a.
Types of organisms present above and below the surface

b.
Type of parent material, topography of the area, climate

c.
Types of organisms present above the topography

d.
Type of parent material, topography of the area, temperature

A

Type of parent material, topography of the area, climate

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31
Q

When a problem has been identified in a plant, what does “adaptive” action allow?

Select one:

a.
it allows the plant to operate for a limited time period

b.
it allows the plant to operate until a solution can be determined and actioned

c.
It allows the plant to operate with the problem indefinitely

d.
it allows the plant time to shut down safely and fix the problem

A

It allows the plant to operate with the problem indefinitely

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32
Q

What three reservoirs make up the carbon cycle?

a.
Rocks, plants, atmosphere

b.
Rocks, oceans, atmosphere

c.
Trees, animals, oceans

d.
Animals, oceans, atmosphere

A

Rocks, oceans, atmosphere

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33
Q

Which of the following statements regarding solid pollution is correct?

Select one:

a.
Solid pollutants are generally regarded as having a greenhouse effect.

b.
Solid pollutants mostly exit a plant via the stack.

c.
Solid pollutants can have an damaging effect on lungs.

d.
Most solid pollution is produced in bag houses.

A

Solid pollutants can have an damaging effect on lungs.

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34
Q

Which four important biogeochemical cycles operate within the environment?

a.
Oxygen, water, carbon, soil

b.
Oxygen, water, carbon, climate

c.
Oxygen, oceanic, carbon, climate

d.
Oxygen, oceanic, carbon, soil

A

Oxygen, water, carbon, soil

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35
Q

With regards to ecology, what are decomposers classed as?

Select one:

a.
inactive organic matter

b.
producers

c.
omnivores

d.
consumers

A

consumers

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36
Q

The basic food source for all organisms is:

Select one:

a.
plankton

b.
fungi

c.
microorganisms

d.
plants

Feedback

A

plants

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37
Q

“Transpiration” is the process where:

Select one:

a.
dissolved oxygen is expelled from water

b.
plants release water

c.
animals inhale oxygen

d.
water vapour goes through a phase change

A

plants release water

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38
Q

Whether or not solid waste can be re-used or not depends on:

Select one:

a.
the composition of the ash

b.
the type of fuel used in the process

c.
the market for it

d.
whether the waste is wet or dry

A

the composition of the ash

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39
Q

Much of the world’s oxygen is found in:

Select one:

a.
plants

b.
the oceans

c.
the air

d.
mineral form

A

mineral form

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40
Q

If a hazardous liquid were to escape containment (it has spilled) who must report the spill to the local jurisdiction?

Select one:

a.
the person who discovers the spill

b.
the plant manager

c.
the plant chief

d.
the person in charge of the material

A

the person in charge of the material

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41
Q

Solid pollutants may be picked up or dissolved by runoff due to which effect?

a.
Precipitation

b.
Cooling water discharges

c.
Solid emissions

d.
Blow off

A

Precipitation

42
Q

Regarding the water cycle, what are oceans and lakes referred to as?

Select one:

a.
cycle components

b.
sinks

c.
reservoirs

d.
bodies of water

A

reservoirs

43
Q

A liquid waste such as a caustic boiler cleaning liquid:

Select one:

a.
must be stored in appropriate barrels.

b.
must be injected into deep wells.

c.
must be incinerated.

d.
isn’t pollution unless it enters the environment.

A

isn’t pollution unless it enters the environment.

44
Q

Which atmospheric layer contains the northern lights?

a.
Thermosphere

b.
Exosphere

c.
Troposphere

d.
Stratosphere

A

Thermosphere

45
Q

Anaerobic digestion is effective in dealing with these types of waste.

Select one:

a.
mineral

b.
solid

c.
biodegradable

d.
liquid

A

biodegradable

46
Q

Why is particulate matter such a health concern?

Select one:

a.
it is easily breathed in

b.
it produces acid rain

c.
it produces birth defects

d.
it is cancerous

A

it is easily breathed in

47
Q

If noise can’t be reduced to safe levels by getting a quieter machine or by using sound absorbing materials around it, what can be done?

Select one:

a.
Re-engineer the equipment

b.
Move the equipment so that the noise isn’t a concern

c.
Use hearing protection

d.
Restrict access to the machine

A

Use hearing protection

48
Q

Generally speaking, what can be said of water after it has been used?

Select one:

a.
It is unusable

b.
It is usually of lower quality

c.
It is depleted

d.
It requires extensive treatment to make it usable

A

It is usually of lower quality

49
Q

Nitrous oxides and CFC’s both have a damaging effect on:

Select one:

a.
The ozone layer

b.
Oceans

c.
The stratosphere

d.
Carbon dioxide

A

The ozone layer

50
Q

The three major components of an ecosystem are:
Select one:

a.
Animals, plants and decomposers

b.
Producers, consumers and inactive organic matter

c.
Producers, consumers and air

d.
Producers, consumers and sun’s energy

A

Producers, consumers and inactive organic matter

51
Q

What process do plants use to take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen and water?

Select one:

a.
biosynthesis

b.
perspiration

c.
respiration

d.
photosynthesis

A

photosynthesis

52
Q

The term “particulate” is often applied to what?

Select one:

a.
cooling tower sludge which is recycled

b.
bottom ash which is flushed out of the bottom of the furnace

c.
fly ash which enters the atmosphere

d.
the waste from a Flue Gas De-sulphurization process

A

fly ash which enters the atmosphere

53
Q

Which of the following is the most powerful greenhouse gas?

Select one:

a.
Carbon dioxide

b.
Chlorofluorocarbons

c.
Fluorinated gases

d.
Methane

A

Fluorinated gases

54
Q

What determines how much ash a combustion process produces?

Select one:

a.
the type of fuel

b.
how the fuel is burned

c.
how long the fuel has been in storage

d.
how the fuel is prepared

A

the type of fuel

55
Q

Mechanical centrifugal collectors are not suitable for the collection of _________ particles.
Select one:

a.
Very coarse

b.
Coarse

c.
Very fine

d.
Particles with irregular shapes

A

Very fine

56
Q

Energy in the food web:
Select one:

a.
Originates from the sun

b.
Travels from the top of the web to the bottom

c.
Does not leave the web

d.
Is passed through the food web by heat radiation

A

Originates from the sun

57
Q

Centrifugal collectors remove particulates from flue gas by means of:
Select one:

a.
Unbalanced force

b.
A vacuum effect

c.
Centrifugal force and inertia

d.
Electrical charges

A

Centrifugal force and inertia

58
Q

Which of the following scenarios does NOT produce carbon monoxide (CO)?

a.
Combustion with insufficient air

b.
Combustion with sufficient air

c.
Insufficient mixing of fuel with air

d.
Insufficient time for combustion to be complete

A

Combustion with sufficient air

59
Q

To lessen long term environmental impact after plant closure, part of the approval process for a new industrial facility is the requirement for:

Select one:

a.
hazardous waste disposal training

b.
a reclamation plan.

c.
an up-to-date operating procedures manual.

d.
a spill containment “farm”.

A

a reclamation plan.

60
Q

Electrostatic precipitators use __________ to remove the dust from the collecting electrodes.
Select one:

a.
Rappers

b.
Reversed current

c.
Air jets

d.
Water spray

A

Rappers

61
Q

Soil serves to:

Select one:

a.
contain groundwater

b.
filter groundwater

c.
trap groundwater

d.
repel groundwater

A

filter groundwater

62
Q

Why is carbon dioxide now being measured in flue gases?

Select one:

a.
because of carbon taxes

b.
because of its effect on the atmosphere

c.
in order to accurately tune the carbon dioxide absorbers

d.
because it indicates incomplete combustion

A

because of its effect on the atmosphere

63
Q

The three types of action that can be taken to deal with a problem in a facility are:

Select one:

a.
permanent, interim, adaptive

b.
permanent, temporary, causative

c.
restorative, temporary, adaptive

d.
corrective, adaptive, restorative

A

permanent, interim, adaptive

64
Q

Stack emission detection techniques must meet the standards laid out by this organization.

Select one:

a.
American Society for Testing and Materials

b.
Underwriters Lab (Canada)

c.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers

d.
Canadian Standards Association

A

American Society for Testing and Materials

65
Q

Which of the following emissions is NOT considered a gaseous pollutant?
Select one:

a.
Carbon monoxide

b.
Sulphur oxides

c.
Methane

d.
Nitrogen

A

Nitrogen

66
Q

Which one of the following is NOT an example of a facility that requires a noise impact statement?

a.
Gas pipeline compressor

b.
Gas turbo-generator

c.
Gas pumping plant

d.
Compressor and pumping station

A

Gas pumping plant

67
Q

Acid rain is a product of reactions these compounds go through in the atmosphere.

Select one:

a.
SOx and methane

b.
Methane and CO2

c.
NOx and SOx

d.
NOx and CO2

A

NOx and SOx

68
Q

The nitrogen oxides in flue gas may be reduced by:
Select one:

a.
Employing a dilute sulphuric acid scrubbing system

b.
Decreasing the size of the furnace

c.
Scrubbing the flue gas with lime

d.
Reducing the available oxygen

A

Reducing the available oxygen

69
Q

Most common processes for the removal of sulfur dioxide from flue gas:
Select one:

a.
Produce a useful end product

b.
Remove all of the sulphur trioxide as well

c.
Involve the use of lime, limestone or sulphuric acid

d.
Inject limestone into the furnace

A

Involve the use of lime, limestone or sulphuric acid

70
Q

Generally speaking, what are two main general methods for reducing NOx emissions in a plant?

Select one:

a.
Use low nitrogen fuel or reduce stack temperatures

b.
Remove them from the flue gas or disperse nitrogen absorbers with them

c.
Prevent or minimize their formation or remove them after they have been generated

d.
Using low NOx burners or reducing flame temperatures

A

Prevent or minimize their formation or remove them after they have been generated

71
Q

When decommissioning a plant,

Select one:

a.
all waste must be disposed of.

b.
a groundwater impact survey must be done.

c.
the ground must be left in a non-toxic state.

d.
the site must be left in a condition suitable for an alternative use.

A

the site must be left in a condition suitable for an alternative use.

72
Q

What role does the sun play in the water cycle?

Select one:

a.
It plays a part in photosynthesis

b.
It allows plants to grow

c.
It causes evaporation in bodies of water

d.
It allows animal life to exist. This allows respiration to take place

A

It causes evaporation in bodies of water

73
Q

Which of the following does NOT affect carbon monoxide emissions from a boiler?
Select one:

a.
the amount of limestone injected into the furnace

b.
the amount of combustion air provided

c.
the time the fuel spends in the furnace

d.
the percentage of Carbon in the fuel being used

A

the amount of limestone injected into the furnace

74
Q

Sound levels produced by a plant are normally not a problem as long as:

Select one:

a.
Proper hearing protection is worn

b.
The sound levels meet guidelines

c.
The indoor sound levels of nearby residents aren’t negatively affected

d.
The sound levels are continuously monitored

A

The indoor sound levels of nearby residents aren’t negatively affected

75
Q

A decommissioned plant:

Select one:

a.
must be suitable for most activities.

b.
must pose not danger to future public health.

c.
means there are no dangerous materials on-site.

d.
simply means the plant is temporarily shut down.

A

must pose not danger to future public health.

76
Q

The process whereby plants consume carbon dioxide, water, and the suns energy to make food is known as
Select one:

a.
Hydrolysis

b.
Respiration

c.
Hydrostasis

d.
Photosynthesis

A

Photosynthesis

77
Q

With regards to solid pollutants, what is a surface impoundment?

Select one:

a.
It is part of the conveying system meant to handle solid pollutants

b.
It is a pond or lagoon where solid pollutants are stored

c.
It is an area to store dry solid pollutants

d.
It is a warehouse where solid pollutants are stored

A

It is a pond or lagoon where solid pollutants are stored

78
Q

Most of global greenhouse gas emissions are made up of:

Select one:

a.
CO2

b.
Nitrous oxide

c.
CFC’s

d.
Methane

A

CO2

79
Q

What are the three reservoirs of the carbon cycle?

Select one:

a.
animals, oceans, atmosphere

b.
trees, animals, oceans

c.
rocks, plants, atmosphere

d.
rocks, oceans, atmosphere

A

rocks, oceans, atmosphere

80
Q

Which three types of actions can be taken when a problem area is identified?

a.
Permanent action, intermittent action, adaptive action

b.
Permanent action, interim action, adaptive action

c.
Immediate action, permanent action, adaptive action

d.
Immediate action, interim action, adaptive action

A

Permanent action, interim action, adaptive action

81
Q

Where does the oxygen in the air come from?

Select one:

a.
minerals

b.
the oceans

c.
animals

d.
plants

A

plants

82
Q

What is the source of “groundwater”?

Select one:

a.
rivers

b.
glaciers

c.
precipitation

d.
lakes

A

precipitation

83
Q

Industrial stack emissions are:

Select one:

a.
can be eliminated by proper fuel burning equipment

b.
reflective of the type of fuel being burned

c.
predominantly carbon dioxide

d.
not a concern of jurisdictions

A

reflective of the type of fuel being burned

84
Q

The two main sources of carbon in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide and:

Select one:

a.
nitrogen

b.
carbonation

c.
methane

d.
living organisms

A

methane

85
Q

How can a Power Engineer affect the environmental impact his/her facility has?

Select one:

a.
by having a good attitude towards environmental impacts

b.
by ensuring all equipment is running as it should

c.
by reporting all spills immediately

d.
by following procedures to the letter

A

by having a good attitude towards environmental impacts

86
Q

An example of a chemical treatment of liquid waste is:

Select one:

a.
coagulation

b.
anaerobic digestion

c.
sedimentation

d.
incineration

A

coagulation

87
Q

By which process is carbon returned to the atmosphere?

Select one:

a.
through groundwater

b.
through combustion

c.
through photosynthesis

d.
through transpiration

A

through combustion

88
Q

As compared to a cooler water sample, warmer water:

Select one:

a.
is more dense

b.
has a lower vapour pressure

c.
cannot hold as much dissolved oxygen

d.
is not considered a major pollutant

A

cannot hold as much dissolved oxygen

89
Q

How is carbon monoxide produced?

Select one:

a.
through the improper burning of a fuel

b.
through the earth’s carbon cycle

c.
through high temperature complete combustion

d.
through natural means only

A

through the improper burning of a fuel

90
Q

In an electrostatic precipitator the:
Select one:

a.
Discharge electrode is negatively charged

b.
Ash falls unaided into the bottom hopper

c.
Collector plates and electrodes are both positively charged

d.
Particles receive a positive charge

A

Discharge electrode is negatively charged

91
Q

Mineral and organic matter is the basic component of:

Select one:

a.
feedstock

b.
the carbon cycle

c.
oil

d.
soil

A

soil

92
Q

What are the layers of the atmosphere, starting from earth?

a.
Thermosphere, exosphere, troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere

b.
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

c.
Mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere, troposphere, stratosphere

d.
Stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere, troposphere

A

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

93
Q

Fly ash that enters the atmosphere is often referred to by what name?

a.
Bottom ash

b.
Particulate

c.
Flue gas

d.
Slag

A

Particulate

94
Q

Sulfur oxides are undesirable in flue gas because they:
Select one:

a.
Are not a marketable product

b.
Contribute to acid rain

c.
Indicate incomplete combustion in the furnace

d.
Reduce combustion efficiency

A

Contribute to acid rain

95
Q

When a problem in a plant has been identified, this type of action is meant as a temporary measure.

Select one:

a.
mitigating action

b.
adaptive action

c.
short-term action

d.
interim action

A

interim action

96
Q

If it is feasible to eliminate the root cause of a problem, what type of action is taken?

Select one:

a.
final action

b.
permanent action

c.
restorative action

d.
fixative action

A

permanent action

97
Q

All facility owners must have this in place to deal with, for example, a spill of hazardous liquid.

Select one:

a.
a Rapid Response Team

b.
an Action Response Checklist

c.
a Spill Mitigation Team

d.
an Emergency Response Plan

A

Emergency Response Plan

98
Q

Contributions to the ecosystem by the environment are in the form of:
Select one:

a.
N2, CO2 and H2O

b.
CO2, H2O and O2

c.
Ar, H2O and O2

d.
H2O and O2

A

CO2, H2O and O2

99
Q

Decibels are represented by a/an ____________ scale:
Select one:

a.
Linear

b.
Intensity

c.
Reference

d.
Logarithmic

A

Logarithmic

100
Q

In what form is the oxygen which supports marine life?

Select one:

a.
aqueous

b.
solid

c.
dissolved

d.
mineral

A

dissolved

Class 4 Prep (6 decks)

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