Book 2a Flashcards
Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs)
A set of reference values for intakes if nutrients other dietary components as well as physical activity that best supports healthy Australians
Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI
The average daily intake level that is sufficient enough to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97% to 98%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.
This is set once an EAR is determined then RDI is set at highest range to cover the needs of as many people possible
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
A daily nutrient level estimated to meet the requirements of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage or gender group (population group)
Adequate Intake (AI)
The average daily nutrient intake level based on scientific judgement and observation due to lack of sufficient evidence. Approximations or estimations of nutrient intake by a group/s of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate.
Percentage of people covered by and AI is unknown but may cover more or less people than an RDI
Upper Limit (UL)
The highest daily average nutrient intake level likely to pose no adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. As intake increase above the UL, the potential rise of adverse effects in increased.
Estimated Energy Requirements (EER)
The average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult of defined age, gender weight and level of physical activity consistent with good health
The Australian NRVs are based on
Sound scientific evidence
Nutrient intakes of healthy people
Reviews of populations showing nutrient deficiencies correctable by diet
Biochemical markers of nutrient levels
Metabolic studies of deficient individuals
Extrapolation from animal studies
Who should follow the NRVs?
Healthy people
Who are the NRVs not appropriate for?
May not be appropriate for people with diseases that increase or decrease nutrient needs
How does the EAR compare to the RDI in most groups of people and which should you aim for personally
The RDI is greater than the EAR
Aim for the RDI - inidvidual intake
whereas the EAR covers more of a population group
Which age group has an AI instead of an EAR and RDI for calcium and why?
For all nutrients, values for infants are AI (both male and female aged 0mths - 1 year)
AI is determined by multiplying together, the average intake of breast milk and the average concentration of calcium (or nutrient) in breast milk
Which is most likely to cause toxicity - calcium in the diet or calcium from tablets?
In high dosage, calcium tablets would be most likely to cause toxicity
Why is the UL provided for all age and gender groups the same for calcium?
As there is little evidence for other age and physiologicial group and symptoms of calcium toxicity (such as hypercalciuria) occur at similar levels of intake in both men and women
High calcium intake interferes with the absorption of which two nutrients
Zinc and Iron
