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Captain > book 29 > Flashcards

book 29 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four objectives of ventilation?

A
  1. Save lives
  2. Assist in firefighter access
  3. Control horizontal spread of fire
  4. Reduce possibility of flashover and backdraft
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2
Q

What are the two types of ventilation holes?

A 
Heat holes (Offensive)
Strip Ventilation (Defensive)
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3
Q

What is a kerf cut?

A

A single cut, chainsaw width, through the decking

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4
Q

How many inches inside the purlin shall the cuts be

to avoid the metal hangers?

A

4-6inches

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5
Q

Conventional construction utilizes structural

members that depend on what for their strength?

A

Their size

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6
Q

Lightweight construction does not derive its

strength from size, but instead what?

A

Multiple members in compression and tension. If

one member fails, others may fail

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7
Q

A single lightweight truss structural member can

span how many feet?

A

70 feet

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8
Q

For size up considerations, roofs can be divided

into what categories?

A

Hip, bridge truss, flat, arch, gable, sawtooth

Huntington Beach FAGS

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9
Q

In a gable roof, rafters are usually what?

A

2 x 6 or larger, spaced 16” to 24” on center

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10
Q

Steep pitched gables can have rafters spaced up

to how far?

A

36 inches

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11
Q

How are lightweight gables built?

A

2 x 3 or 2 x 4 inch wood trusses held together by

metal gusset plate connectors

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12
Q

What is the most common size for metal gusset

plate connectors?

A

18 gauge steel plates with prongs that penetrate

3/8”

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13
Q

What are the strong areas of a gable roof?

A

Ridge and area where rafters cross outside walls

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14
Q

What decking is found on conventional and

lightweight gable roofs?

A

Conv - 1 x 4 or 1 x 6 inch space sheathing

LW - 3/8” or 1/2” plywood

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15
Q

What is a jack rafter?

A

A rafter that crosses an outside wall but does not

reach the ridge board (may reach the hip rafter)

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16
Q

What are the strengths of a hip roof?

A

Ridge board, valley rafter, hip rafter and walls

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17
Q

Where are bridge truss roofs found?

A

Various types and sizes of commercial buildings

constructed during the 30s and 40s

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18
Q

What are wooden truss members made of in

bridge truss roofs?

A

2 x 12”

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19
Q

What rafters are found on bridge truss roofs?

A

2 x 6 or larger

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20
Q

What type of sheathing is found?

A

1 x 6” (diagonal or straight)

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21
Q

When will you find diagonal vs straight sheathing?

A

Pre-33 Straight, 33 and later Diagonal

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22
Q

If modified for the Earthquake Ordinance, what will

be found on top of straight sheathing?

A

Plywood (adds shear strength)

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23
Q

Where are bowstring arch roofs found?

A

Commercial structures built in 30s, 40s, and 50s

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24
Q

What size lumber comprises the arch trusses and

related members?

A

2 x 12” or 2 x 14”

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25
Q

What size are rafters on bowstring arch roofs?

A

2 x 6 or larger

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26
Q

What type of sheathing is found?

A

Pre-33 Straight, 33 and later Diagonal

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27
Q

What are characteristics of a Lamella arch roof?

A

Egg crate, geometric or diamond patterned roof,

2 x 12” wood framing, 1 x 6 sheathing

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28
Q

Total roof collapse may occur if what percentage of

the Lamella’s roof structure is removed by fire?

A

20%

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29
Q

What is largest difference between Arch truss roofs

and tied truss roofs?

A

5/8” tie rods are used below each arch member in

tied truss roofs

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30
Q

How is proper tie rod tension maintained?

A

Turnbuckles

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31
Q

What size are rafters on tied truss arch roofs?

A

2 x 10 or larger

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32
Q

What type of sheathing is found?

A

Pre-33 Straight, 33 and later Diagonal

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33
Q

What is the primary hazard of tied truss roofs?

A

Early failure of the metal tie rods and turnbuckles

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34
Q

What is the primary advantage to building a

Sawtooth roof?

A

To yield additional light and ventilation for

manufacturing type occupancies

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35
Q

What size are rafters on sawtooth roofs?

A

2 x 8 or larger

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36
Q

What size rafters are on conventional flat roofs?

A

2 x 6 or larger

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37
Q

What sheathing is found?

A

1 x 6” or plywood if newer

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38
Q

What is common spacing for lightweight members

(wooden I, open web, etc)?

A

24” on center

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39
Q

Where are nailing blocks found?

A

Perpendicular to the top chords and spaced 4’

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40
Q

On an open web roof, the steel tube web members

are prefabricated from what?

A

1-2” cold rolled steel tubing

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41
Q

How long can spans be with an open web

member?

A

70’

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42
Q

How long can spans be with a metal gusset plate

roof?

A

80’

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43
Q

What four major components comprise panelized

roofs?

A
  1. Beam
  2. purlins
  3. 2x4” joists
  4. plywood decking
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44
Q

What is the most common size for a Laminated

beam (Lam beam)?

A

6 x 36”

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45
Q

How far are purlins spaced?

A

8’

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46
Q

How far are main beams spaced?

A

12 to 40’

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47
Q

What is rafter spacing on a panelized?

A

24” on center

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48
Q

What is a common size for a purlin?

A

4 x 12”

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49
Q

What are the strengths of a panelized roof?

A

Beams, purlins, building perimeter

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50
Q

What are open web bar joist roof characteristics?

A

1/8” steel (top and bottom chords)

5/8” steel bar web supports

51
Q

Steel begins to lose its strength at what temp?

A

1000 degrees F

52
Q

How thick will a lightweight concrete roof be?

A

3-4 inches, air entrained mixture (Robertson

Decking)

53
Q

What blade should be used on the rotary saw

when ventilating lightweight concrete roofs?

A

Diamond blade OR carbide tipped

54
Q

What are characteristics of a pre-33 masonry

building?

A
  • Sand and lime mortar only
  • no cement
  • Lack of steel reinforcing rods (rebar)
  • Exterior walls 13” thick
  • Parapet wall around perimeter of roof
  • Floor and joists that are “Let” into exterior walls
  • Straight roof sheathing
  • Floor and roof joists that are “fire cut”
55
Q

How high can parapet walls be on a pre-33?

A

3 feet above roof line, or 5 feet if facade on front

56
Q

What revisions were made to buildings post-33?

A 
Exterior walls at least 9” thick
Masonry walls must have steel rebar
All joints and rafters anchored to exterior walls
Cement used in mortar
Diagonal roof sheathing
57
Q

What revisions were made to buildings post-59?

A

4-6” bond cap on parapets along public walkways
Parapet wall limited to 16” (incl bond cap)
Rafter anchor rods installed every 4 feet (tie
plates)

58
Q

Unreinforced masonry may have what trademarks?

A
  • Rafter tie plates
  • Bond beam cap
  • Deep recessed windows
  • Windows may have arched or straight lintels
  • Lime mortar is easily rubbed away
  • One row of bricks laid on end (kings row) every
    four to seven rows
59
Q

What are safe areas of URM buildings?

A

Corners, or distance away from building at least

equal to building height

60
Q

You can estimate the amount of time a structure

will remain strong by these three factors?

A

Type of construction
How long fire is burning
Fire intensity

61
Q

Concrete tilt ups can be built up to how many

stories high?

A

5 stories

62
Q

The primary dangers in unreinforced masonary

walls are?

A

The collapse of front and rear walls

63
Q

Safe areas around URM’s are?

A

Corners and distance equal to height of the walls

64
Q

Plans for ventilation operations should begin by?

A

ID the direction (horizontal or vertical)
contaminants must travel to exit contaminated
area

65
Q

What are the two basic methods that are utilized to

pressurize a contaminated area?

A

Natural and mechanical ventilation

66
Q

Where is the blower placed when performing

negative pressure ventilation?

A

INSIDE the structure

67
Q

What are disadvantages of negative pressure

ventilations?

A
  • Personnel exposed to contaminants to position
    blower
  • Contaminants drawn through blower, addt’l clean
    up of blower
  • Blower placed in doorway or window hindering
    access/egress and using additional tools
  • Blowers not efficient at removing contaminants in
    top of room or building
68
Q

Where is the blower placed when performing

positive pressure ventilation?

A

OUTSIDE the structure

69
Q

Positive pressure ventilation is how many more

times effective than negative pressure vent?

A

approx twice as effective

70
Q

Positive pressure is most efficient when the
exhaust opening is what size in relation to the size
of the entrance opening?

A

Between 3/4 to 1 3/4

71
Q

What is an indicator that the exhaust opening is not

large enough?

A

Exhaust odor in the area to be ventilated

72
Q

Positive pressure has proven effective against

winds up to what speed?

A

25mph

73
Q

Effective positive pressure ventilation is dependent

on?

A
  • Controlling entrance opening
  • Path of interior air flow
  • Size of exhaust opening
74
Q

Smaller blower should be moved _____ from

entrance and larger blowers _____?

A

Small; back

Large; closer

75
Q

If unequal CFM/size blowers are used in series,
place the larger blower how many feet behind
smaller blower?

A

2 feet

76
Q

A blower behind another blower increases the the

capacity of the first blower by how much?

A

10%

77
Q

Removing screens on windows will increase the

efficiency by what percent?

A

50%

78
Q

During overhaul, what PPM of CO is easily

obtainable?

A

500ppm to 1200ppm

79
Q

What size home is an 18” blower adequate for?

A

2000 Sq Ft

80
Q

What concentrations of CO can be fatal in less

than one hour?

A

4000 ppm

81
Q

Positive pressure should never be used in place

of?

A

SCBA when hazardous atmospheres are

encountered

82
Q

What are the two different types of elevators?

A

Cable and hydraulic

83
Q

What two types of cable elevators are there?

A

Drum type or traction type

84
Q

Drum type elevators are restricted to lifts of what

height?

A

150 feet and slow speeds

85
Q

Equipment rooms for hydraulic elevators are

normally found where?

A

At the lower level of the building

86
Q

Equipment rooms for hydraulic elevators are
normally found at the lower level of the building,
but can be where?

A

At any floor level, or 50 to 100’ from the elevator

shaft

87
Q

Freight elevators can be up to what size/capacity?

A

12’ x 14’, 3 tons (6,000lbs)

88
Q

The door on the car itself, which travels with the

elevator is called what?

A

Inner door, or car door

89
Q

The door that is seen from each floor of the

building is called what?

A

Hoistway door

90
Q

Which door actuate the other door?

A

The car door, or inner door, operates the hoist

way door

91
Q

What are the four basic types of doors used on

elevators?

A

Swing hall, single slide, center opening, two

speed

92
Q

What size are the gib blocks?

A

3” wide, 1” high, 1/2” thick

93
Q

Gib blocks are installed every how many inches?

A

18 inches

94
Q

What purpose do gib blocks serve?

A

They provide stability to the hoist way door as it

opens and closes

95
Q

Normal hoist way doors can be expected to utilize

how many gib blocks?

A

2 gib blocks

96
Q

What is elevator “overspeeding”?

A

When an elevator travels at more than 20% of its

top speed

97
Q

On scene information should consist of the what

minimum considerations?

A
  • Is there an inoperative elevator?
  • Does it contain trapped occupants?
    What are their conditions?
  • Repair person notified? Their ETA?
  • What is the location of inoperative elevator?
  • What type of elevator? (hydraulic or cable)
  • Where is elevator equipment room?
98
Q

When recycling power, leave off for how long?

A

At least 30 seconds

99
Q

On hydraulic elevators and SOME cable elevators,
the hoist way doors will open if the elevator is
within how many inches above or below the floor
level?

A

6 inches

100
Q

On cable elevators, the hoist way doors will open if
the elevator is within how many inches above or
below the floor level?

A

18 inches

101
Q

When inserting an air bag in between center

opening doors, where shall the bag be placed?

A

Near the top

102
Q

An escalator traveling between 90 and 120 feet per
minute can carry up to how many passengers per
hour?

A

5000 passengers

103
Q

The pickup arm clutch on the hoist way door is

generally how long on hydraulic elevators?

A

14” long

104
Q

The pickup arm clutch on the hoist way door is

generally how long on cable elevators?

A

36” long

105
Q

Where does Los Angeles get its water?

A

75% two aqueducts from Sierra Nevada
15% wells in San Fernando Valley
10% Metropolitan Water District

106
Q

How big can trunk lines be in the water distribution

system?

A

36” to 10’

107
Q

Where are mains found, and what sizes can they

be?

A

Beneath a street and parallel to a curb.

2” to 72”

108
Q

What size can customer’s service lines be?

A

Vary from 1/2” to 12”

109
Q

What two types of shut off valves can be found?

A

Non-indicating valves and Indicating valves

110
Q

What will be found on an indicating valve?

A

OS&Y or PIV

111
Q

Are water meters bi-directional?

A

No. One way flow only

112
Q

What sizes can water meters be?

A

1/2” to 10” (inlet size)

113
Q

What is a compound meter used for?

A

Can meter high and low flows, meters are 4” or

larger

114
Q

What size can detector check valves be?

A

2” to 10”

115
Q

What psi to dwellings commonly use?

A

40 to 80psi

116
Q

What size meter will be found at most single family

dwellings?

A

1/2“ to 2”

117
Q

What size will a detector check valve be at a single

family dwelling?

A

2”

118
Q

For hotels, what size water meter may be found,

and what size detector check valve may be found?

A

4” to 6” water meter. 4” to 8” detector check valve

119
Q

What size water meter and detector check valve

will be found in a high rise?

A

4” to 10” meter. 4” to 12” detector check valve

120
Q

Ball, cone, or gate valves what size and above
may need to be exercised to completely eliminate
the flow of water?

A

3 inches and above

121
Q

Fire hydrant gate valves may require how many full

turns to complete a shutdown?

A

18 to 26

122
Q

What percentage of hydrants close in a clockwise

direction?

A

98%

123
Q

What info shall be communicated to MFC after

shutting down a hydrant?

A

Hydrant location
If hydrant has been shut down
Number of valves operated

Captain (6 decks)

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