book 2 chapters 1-10 Flashcards
in addition to making one speech worthy of belief, the speaker must also do what
Make his own character look right, and put his hearers in the right state of mind
what three things that inspire confidence in the speaker
Good sense, good moral character Goodwill
How does Aristotle defined the emotions?
all those feelings that change men as to affect their judgment, also attended by pain or pleasure
what three questions may be considered regarding every emotion
- What the state of mind of – person is
- Who the people are with whom they usually get –
- On what grounds they get – with them
how does Aristotle define anger?
Impulse accompanied by pain
how does Aristotle define slighting
Actively entertained opinion of something as obviously of no importance
what are the three types of slighting
Content spite insolence
an individual will get particularly angry if slighted in front of which people
Rivals, people we admire, our admirers, people we feel reverence, people who feel reverence for us
what is the opposite of growing angry?
Calm
how does Aristotle define calm
settling down or quieting anger
how does Aristotle define a friendly feeling
Wishing for him what you believe to be good things for his sake
what produces enmity?
Anger, spite, calumny
what is the difference between anger and hate
Anger is always concerned with individuals. Hatred is directed against classes.
how does Aristotle define fear?
Pain or disturbance due to a mental picture of some destructive/painful evil in the future
What causes fear?
Whatever we feel has great power of destroying us, or of harming us in ways that cause us pain
Who feels fear?
Those who have power to do something to us
How does Aristotle define confidence?
Expectation associated with a mental picture of the nearness of what keeps us safe and absence/remoteness of what is terrible
According to Aristotle, what makes us confidence
Anger
how does Aristotle define shame?
Pain or disturbance, in regard to bad things past present or future
what causes us to feel shame
Bad things we think are disgraceful to ourselves or to those we care for
Who do we feel shame in front of?
Those whose opinions of us matter to us
whom do we not feel shame in front of?
Those whose opinions are untrustworthy
How does Aristotle define kindness?
helpfulness towards someone in need, not in return for anything, the helpers advantage, but for that of the person helped
how can you prove someone is unkind
If they were helpful only to promote their own interests
what is the criteria for an act of kindness?
It is a particular thing, it has a particular magnitude or quality, is done at a particular time and place
how does Aristotle define pity
Feeling of pain caused by the sight of some evil, destructive or painful, which befalls one who doesn’t deserve it
in order to feel pity, what must we believe in?
There must be at least some good
what are the painful and destructive evils
death, bodily injuries, afflictions, old age, diseases, lack of food
what are the evils due to chance
friendliness, scarcity of friends, deformity, weakness, mutilation
Who do we pity
those who we know
how does Aristotle define indignation?
opposite of pity; pain caused by the site of undeserved good fortune
Who cannot feel indignation?
Servile, worthless, unambitious people
how does Aristotle define envy?
pain at the sight of such good fortune, as consists of the good things already mentioned
Who are the most envious of individual?
Ambitious men
Who do we envy?
Close people, competitors, neighbors equals
