Book 2 Flashcards
Schema
A cognitive shortcut that helps us organize and interpret large amounts of information
Holism
How all the parts of a culture are interconnected
3C skills
- Communicate: to avoid misunderstanding
- Negotiate: to overcome differences
- Relate: with other cultures to work effectively
OODA Loop
- Observing other cultures
- Orientating yourself to these cultures
- Deciding on appropriate course of action
- Acting accordingly
Impression management
Projection: the image we want others to have of us
Attribution: how others actually view us
Low-context communication patterns (LLC)
More direct, focus on verbal message
English & German languages
High-context communication patterns (HCC)
Focuses on status, context, positions, and non-verbal
Spanish and Arabic languages
Trait Theory
- First study focused on fixed personal characteristics and innate qualities (traits)
- “The Great Man Theory”
- Leadership effectiveness influenced by their intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability
Skills Theory
• The SKILLS THEORY Leadership Theory focuses on the argument that a person’s ability to lead depends on his or her emotional intelligence, awareness, and control.
Situational Theory
• The SITUATIONAL Leadership Theory considers one’s ability to complete a specific task and the use of four leadership styles to aid in his or her development.
Contingency Theory
• The CONTINGENCY Leadership Theory believes that pairing a leader to a specific situation is the most effective method because leaders cannot adjust their behaviors.
Relativism (as an attitude)
The conviction that the beliefs and practices of others are best understood in light of the particular cultures where they are found.
Relativism (as a behavior)
Temporarily suspending one’s own culturally informed opinion and thinking about how others might
interpret or value a situation.
Culture General
The ability to quickly and accurately comprehend, and then effectively act in a culturally complex environment to achieve the desired
effect without necessarily having prior exposure to a particular group, region, or language
Culture Specific
An approach that emphasizes specific aspects of particular cultures, affording individuals much of the
knowledge and/or skills necessary to interact more competently with individuals of other cultural backgrounds.
Ethnocentrism
The human tendency to negatively judge others
(cultures, behaviors, values) against our own values and beliefs
Stereotypes
a fixed or distorted generalization about all members of a particular group that share a particular diversity.
Prejudice
is the creation of an adverse or unreasonable opinion about a person or group without gathering all the facts and is usually based on deeply held beliefs.
Discrimination
is the visible act or consideration to act in favor of or against a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person/thing belongs, rather than on individual merit.
Linguistic Competence
a speaker’s implicit, internalized knowledge of the rules of their native language.
Communication Competence
understanding how to properly communicate in another language or culture.
combatant command (COCOM)
a command with a broad continuing mission under a single commander and composed of significant assigned components of two or more military departments that are established and so designated by the President, through the SecDef with the advice and assistance of the CJCS.
Joint Force Commander (JFC)
a general term applied to a CCDR, subunified commander, or Joint Task Force (JTF) commander authorized to exercise combatant command (command authority) or operational control over a joint force.
Service component command
assigned to a CCDR, consists of a Service component CDR and the Service forces (such as individuals, units, detachments, and organizations, including the support forces) that have been assigned to that CCDR
