Book 2

Question 0

Schema

Answer 0

A cognitive shortcut that helps us organize and interpret large amounts of information

Question 1

Holism

Answer 1

How all the parts of a culture are interconnected

Question 2

3C skills

Answer 2

• Communicate: to avoid misunderstanding
• Negotiate: to overcome differences
• Relate: with other cultures to work effectively

Question 3

OODA Loop

Answer 3

• Observing other cultures
• Orientating yourself to these cultures
• Deciding on appropriate course of action
• Acting accordingly

Question 4

Impression management

Answer 4

Projection: the image we want others to have of us

Attribution: how others actually view us

Question 5

Low-context communication patterns (LLC)

Answer 5

More direct, focus on verbal message

English & German languages

Question 6

High-context communication patterns (HCC)

Answer 6

Focuses on status, context, positions, and non-verbal

Spanish and Arabic languages

Question 7

Trait Theory

Answer 7

• First study focused on fixed personal characteristics and innate qualities (traits)
• “The Great Man Theory”
• Leadership effectiveness influenced by their intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability

Question 8

Skills Theory

Answer 8

• The SKILLS THEORY Leadership Theory focuses on the argument that a person’s ability to lead depends on his or her emotional intelligence, awareness, and control. 


Question 9

Situational Theory

Answer 9

• The SITUATIONAL Leadership Theory considers one’s ability to complete a specific task and the use of four leadership styles to aid in his or her development. 


Question 10

Contingency Theory

Answer 10

• The CONTINGENCY Leadership Theory believes that pairing a leader to a specific situation is the most effective method because leaders cannot adjust their behaviors.

Question 11

Relativism (as an attitude)

Answer 11

The conviction that the beliefs and practices of others are best understood in light of the particular cultures where they are found.

Question 12

Relativism (as a behavior)

Answer 12

Temporarily suspending one’s own culturally informed opinion and thinking about how others might
interpret or value a situation.

Question 13

Culture General

Answer 13

The ability to quickly and accurately comprehend, and then effectively act in a culturally complex environment to achieve the desired
effect without necessarily having prior exposure to a particular group, region, or language

Question 14

Culture Specific

Answer 14

An approach that emphasizes specific aspects of particular cultures, affording individuals much of the
knowledge and/or skills necessary to interact more competently with individuals of other cultural backgrounds.

Question 15

Ethnocentrism

Answer 15

The human tendency to negatively judge others

(cultures, behaviors, values) against our own values and beliefs

Question 16

Stereotypes

Answer 16

a fixed or distorted generalization about all members of a particular group that share a particular diversity.

Question 17

Prejudice

Answer 17

is the creation of an adverse or unreasonable opinion about a person or group without gathering all the facts and is usually based on deeply held beliefs.

Question 18

Discrimination

Answer 18

is the visible act or consideration to act in favor of or against a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person/thing belongs, rather than on individual merit.

Question 19

Linguistic Competence

Answer 19

a speaker’s implicit, internalized knowledge of the rules of their native language.

Question 20

Communication Competence

Answer 20

understanding how to properly communicate in another language or culture.

Question 21

combatant command (COCOM)

Answer 21

a command with a broad continuing mission under a single commander and composed of significant assigned components of two or more military departments that are established and so designated by the President, through the SecDef with the advice and assistance of the CJCS.

Question 22

Joint Force Commander (JFC)

Answer 22

a general term applied to a CCDR, subunified commander, or Joint Task Force (JTF) commander authorized to exercise combatant command (command authority) or operational control over a joint force.

Question 23

Service component command

Answer 23

assigned to a CCDR, consists of a Service component CDR and the Service forces (such as individuals, units, detachments, and organizations, including the support forces) that have been assigned to that CCDR

Question 24

high self-monitor

Answer 24

read the social situation first and then present an appropriate response

Question 25

Military Engagement, Security Cooperation, and Deterrence

Answer 25

ongoing routine activities that establish, shape, maintain, and refine relations with other nations, international organizations (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Question 26

Crisis Response and Limited Contingency Operations

Answer 26

can be small-scale, limited duration operations, such as strikes, raids, and peace enforcement, which might include combat depending on the circumstances.

Question 27

Major Operations and Campaigns

Answer 27

extended duration, large-scale operations that usually involve combat.

Question 28

nuclear non-proliferation

Answer 28

to limit the spread of nuclear weapons.

Question 29

five nuclear weapon states

Answer 29

United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and the People’s Republic of China

Question 30

remain classified as non-nuclear weapons states

Answer 30

India, Israel, Pakistan, and North Korea

Question 31

Nuclear Surety

Answer 31

a program consisting of materials, personnel, and procedures that contribute to the safety, security, reliability, and control of nuclear weapons.

Question 32

Safety

Answer 32

Safety is the application of engineering and management principles, criteria, and techniques to protect nuclear weapons against the risks and threats inherent in their environments within the constraints of operational effectiveness, time, and cost throughout all phases of their life cycle.

Question 33

Positive Measures

Answer 33

Positive measures are design features, safety rules, procedures, accident prevention or mitigation measures, or other controls including physical security and coded control systems, used collectively or individually, to enhance safety and to reduce the likelihood, severity, or consequences of an accident, unauthorized act, or deliberate threat.

Question 34

Technical Procedures

Answer 34

Technical procedures are the explicit directions which must be followed to conduct operations with nuclear weapons.

Question 35

Safety rules

Answer 35

Safety rules are comprised of general and specific provisions applicable to a nuclear weapon system for conducting approved operations, while ensuring maximum safety consistent with operational or logistic requirements.

Question 36

Security

Answer 36

Security is the total spectrum of procedures, facilities, equipment, and personnel employed to provide the protection against loss of custody, theft, or diversion of a nuclear weapon system, the protection against unauthorized access, and the protection against unauthorized actions, vandalism, sabotage, and malevolent damage.

Question 37

Nuclear Weapon System Reliability

Answer 37

Nuclear Weapon System Reliability is maintained through an exhaustive testing, inspection, and maintenance program to guarantee the weapons will work if ever called upon

Question 38

Individual Reliability

Answer 38

• PRP program

- two person rule