BOOK 1 Flashcards
The word philosophy comes from two Greek words: philos (_______) and sophia (____).
love, wisdom
-A mathematician and scientist, he was credited with formulating the Pythagorean theorem. His work earned him many followers, and he established a community of leamers who were devated to the study of religion and philosophy
Pythagoras
He proposed that everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan which he called logos. For him, change is a permanent aspect of the human condition as he was credited with the saying, “No man ever steps in the same river twice”
Heraclitus
He devoted himself to the study of the causes of natural phenomena. He was among the first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms
Democritus
He was a known advocate of living a simple and virtuous life.
Diogenes of Sinope
He believed that philosophy could enable man to live a life of happiness.
Epicurus
He was considered the foremost philosopher of ancient times. He made great contributions to the field of ethics. Socrates was a known critic of intellectuals during his time, but he himself did not claim to be “wise” and merely considered himself a “midwife” that helped inquiring minds achieve wisdom
Socrates
a means of examining a topic by devising a series of questions that let the learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic.
Socratic Method
A student of Socrates, he wrote down his teachings and incorporated some of his own ideas into them.
Plato
He attended the Academy, and was a prominent student of Plato
Aristotle
a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge
dialectica
Plato’s lasting contribution to learning was his founding of the ______, an institution of higher learning which was the first of its kind in the Western World.
Academy
the process by which specific statements are analyzed to reach a conclusion or generalization
deductive reasoning
is defined as a way of thinking about the world and is composed of the views and beliefs of a person
framework
Questions dealing with our own correctness and values are considered _____ ______ which can be addressed using our own personal frameworks.
internal question
Also, there are _______ _______ that seek to question the very frameworks upon which people base their own beliefs and views.
internal question
The philosophy which deals with beauty and what makes things “beautiful” is called ______
Aesthetics
______ is the branch of philosophy which deals with correct reasoning.
logic
________ discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing.
Epistemology
________ _______ studies governments and deals with questions of justice, power and the rights and obligations of citizens.
Political Philosophy
__________ is a branch of philosophy which deals with questions regarding reality and existence.
Metaphysics
_____ thinking refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in systems
Holistic
______ _____, focuses on specific aspects of a situation.
Partial thinking
requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thoughts, feelings, and actions and to learn more about one’s life and experiences.
Reflection
is one intended product of philosophizing, and this refers to a person’s ability to apply knowledge to daily life particularly in making sound choices and judgment.
wisdom
is a judgment based on certain facts.
conclusion
are statements that express convictions that are not easily and clearly explained by facts
beliefs
are statements that assume the claim to be true and provide reasons why the statement is true
Explanations
Are a series of statements that provide reasons to convince the reader or listener that a claim or opinion is truthful
Arguments
is the branch of Philosophy that focuses on the analysis of arguments
Logic
