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Head and Neck Anatomy and Embryology > Bony skull, neck, scalp and face > Flashcards

Bony skull, neck, scalp and face Flashcards

1
Q

3 main sutures of the skull?

A

Lambdoid, coronal and sagittal

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2
Q

Foramen through which facial nerve leaves the skull?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

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3
Q

5 layers of the scalp?

A 
Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis muscle
Loose connective tissue 
Pericranium (periosteum of skull bone)
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4
Q

Bones forming the neurocranium?

A 
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital 
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Temporal
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5
Q

Part of skull bone which houses red bone marrow?

A

Diploe (spongey bone)

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6
Q

3 branches of trigeminal nerve?

A

Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

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7
Q

Cranial nerve V?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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8
Q

Cranial nerve VII?

A

Facial nerve

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9
Q

2 parts of temporal bone?

A

Squamous (flat)

Petrous (rocky)

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10
Q

Bones of the viscerocranium?

A 
Mandible 
Maxilla
Zygomatic 
Vomer 
Palatine 
Lacrimal 
Ethmoid 
Nasal
Nasal concha
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11
Q

Largest foramen in the base of skull?

A

Foramen magnum

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12
Q

Bones forming zygomatic arch?

A

Zygomatic

Temporal

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13
Q

Terminal branches of facial nerve?

A 
Cervical
Marginal mandibular 
Zygomatic 
Temporal 
Buccal
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14
Q

Gland pierced by facial nerve?

A

Parotid gland

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15
Q

Structures passing through foramen magnum?

A

Spinal cord

Right and left vertebral arteries

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16
Q

Most common type of joint found in skull?

A

Fibrous suture

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17
Q

Layer of scalp where blood vessels are present?

A

Dense connective tissue

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18
Q

Pairs of salivary glands?

A

Submandibular
Sublingual
Parotid

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19
Q

Tooth which parotid duct opens opposite to in mouth?

A

Second maxillary molar

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20
Q

Cranial nerve IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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21
Q

Main arteries supplying the face?

A

Facial artery

Superficial temporal artery

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22
Q

Vein draining facial and superficial temporal veins?

A

Internal jugular vein

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23
Q

Four compartments of the neck?

A

Vascular
Visceral
Vertebral
Musculofascial collar

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24
Q

Main structures carried in vascular compartment of neck?

A

Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve

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25
Q

Type of joint between C1 and odontoid processes?

A

Condyloid synovial

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26
Q

Type of joint between C1 and dens of C2?

A

Pivot synovial

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27
Q

Right common carotid artery arises from?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

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28
Q

Left common carotid artery arises from?

A

Arch of the aorta

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29
Q

Common carotid arteries divide at vertebral level?

A

C4

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30
Q

Which carotid artery sits more laterally?

A

Internal carotid artery

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31
Q

Terminal branches of external carotid artery?

A

Maxillary artery

Superficial temporal artery

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32
Q

Suprahyoid muscles?

A

Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid

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33
Q

Cranial nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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34
Q

Action of suprahyoid muscles?

A

Elevate hyoid bone

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35
Q

Infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid

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36
Q

Origin of superior thyroid artery?

A

External carotid artery

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37
Q

Origin of inferior thyroid artery?

A

Subclavian artery

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38
Q

Cricoid cartilage ends and trachea begins at vertebral level?

A

C6

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39
Q

Parts of thyroid gland?

A

Isthmus
Left lobe
Right lobe

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40
Q

Bone that gives off mastoid process?

A

Temporal

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41
Q

Cranial nerve XI?

A

Spinal accessory nerve

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42
Q

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius are innervated by?

A

Spinal accessory nerve

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43
Q

Brachial plexus spinal roots?

A

C5-T1

44
Q

External jugular vein drains to?

A

Subclavian vein

45
Q

Internal jugular vein drains to?

A

Brachiocephalic vein

46
Q

Brachiocephalic vein formed by?

A

Union of internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

47
Q

Location of vagus nerve with regards to vascular contents of carotid sheath?

A

Posterior

48
Q

Spinal roots of cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

49
Q

Subdivisions of anterior triangle and their boundaries?

A

Submental (anterior bellies of digastric)
Submandibular (mandible and both bellies of digastric)
Carotid (posterior belly of digastric, superior belly of omohyoid and sternocleidomastoid)
Muscular (hyoid bone, superior belly of omohyoid and sternocleidomastoid)

50
Q

Important structures in anterior triangle of neck?

A

Carotid arteries
Internal jugular veins
Vagus nerve

51
Q

Important structures in posterior triangle of neck?

A 
Subclavian artery
Subclavian vein
External jugular vein
Brachial plexus 
Cervical plexus
52
Q

Deep fascial layers of the neck?

A

Investing
Pretracheal
Prevertebral
Carotid sheath

53
Q

Examination to determine functionality of thyroidal nodules?

A

Technetium 99m pertechnetate scan

54
Q

Structures forming thoracic inlet?

A

Manubrium
First pair of ribs
First thoracic vertebra

55
Q

Structures forming the interscalene triangle?

A

Anterior scalene muscle
Middle scalene muscle
First rib on each side

56
Q

Branches of the external carotid artery?

A 
Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular artery
Maxillary
Superficial temporal
57
Q

Cranial nerve VI?

A

Abducent nerve

58
Q

Cranial nerve III?

A

Oculomotor

59
Q

Cranial nerve IV?

A

Trochlear

60
Q

Sensory innervation of the face?

A

Trigeminal nerve

61
Q

Innervation of muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve

62
Q

Parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

63
Q

Cranial nerve I?

A

Olfactory

64
Q

Cranial nerve II?

A

Optic

65
Q

Embryological origin of the face and neck?

A

Pharyngeal (branchial) arches

66
Q

Embryological origin of mandible to outer ear?

A

First pharyngeal arch

67
Q

Number of pharyngeal arches?

A

Five

68
Q

Nerve supply to first pharyngeal arch?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

69
Q

Nerve supply to second pharyngeal arch?

A

Facial nerve

70
Q

Nerve supply to third pharyngeal arch?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

71
Q

Nerve supply to fourth pharyngeal arch?

A

Vagus nerve

72
Q

Nerve supply to sixth pharyngeal arch?

A

Vagus nerve

73
Q

Mesenchymal processes?

A

One frontal
Two maxillary
Two mandibular

74
Q

Embryological origin of hard palate?

A

Palatine shelves of maxillary mesenchymal process

75
Q

Embryological origin of viscerocranium?

A

Mesenchymal processes

76
Q

Embryological origin of hyoid bone to styloid process?

A

Second pharyngeal arch

77
Q

Embryological origin of thyroid cartilage?

A

Fourth pharyngeal arch

78
Q

Embryological origin of cricoid cartilage?

A

Sixth pharyngeal arch

79
Q

Ossification of base of the skull?

A

Endochondral ossification

80
Q

Ossification of the neurocranium?

A

Intramembranous ossification

81
Q

Structures forming anterior fontanelle?

A

Sagittal suture and coronal suture

82
Q

Suture separating frontal bones?

A

Frontal (metopic) suture

83
Q

Ossification of the viscerocranium?

A

Endochondral ossification

84
Q

Embryological origin of body and greater horn of hyoid bone?

A

Third pharyngeal arch

85
Q

Cranial nerves supplying pharyngeal arches?

A

Trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve

86
Q

Muscle formed by third pharyngeal arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle

87
Q

Embryological origin of tympanic membrane?

A

First pharyngeal pouch

88
Q

Embryological origin of thymus?

A

Third pharyngeal pouch

89
Q

Embryological origin of parathyroid glands?

A

Third pharyngeal pouch

90
Q

Embryonic layer which mixes with neural crest cells?

A

Mesoderm

91
Q

Substance formed by fusion of mesoderm and neural crest cells?

A

Neural crest mesenchyme

92
Q

Hyoid bone corresponds to vertebral level?

A

C3

93
Q

Mandible corresponds to vertebral level?

A

C2

94
Q

Thyroid cartilage corresponds to vertebral level?

A

C4

95
Q

Cricoid cartilage corresponds to vertebral level?

A

C6

96
Q

Spinal roots of ansa cervicalis?

A

C1-C3

97
Q

Subdivisions of posterior triangle?

A

Supraclavicular triangle

Occipital triangle

98
Q

Number of levels of neck lymph nodes?

A

Five

99
Q

Cranial nerves leaving skull through jugular foramen?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
Accessory spinal nerve

100
Q

Branch of trigeminal nerve carrying motor fibres?

A

Mandibular division (V3)

101
Q

Information carried by maxillary division of trigeminal nerve?

A

Sensory

102
Q

Innervation of muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

103
Q

Spinal root values of phrenic nerve?

A

C3-C5

104
Q

Lymph nodes receiving drainage from scalp, neck and face?

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes

105
Q

Lymph nodes of head, scalp and face?

A 
Parotid nodes
Submandibular nodes
Submental lymph nodes 
Buccal lymph nodes 
Mastoid lymph nodes
Occipital lymph nodes
106
Q

Cranial nerve VIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Head and Neck Anatomy and Embryology (5 decks)

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