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GG101 > Bonus Questions - From Lecture Slides > Flashcards

Bonus Questions - From Lecture Slides Flashcards

1
Q

Which one of the following statements is true?
A) as the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation increases the colour also increases
B) hotter objects emit longer wavelengths of radiation compared to cooler objects
C) objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit radiation
D) radiation cannot pass through space

A

C

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2
Q

Solar Radiation that is reflected off of the Earth’s surface back to space is called:
A) Outgoing Shortwave
B) Incoming Longwave
C) Incoming Shortwave
D) Outgoing Longwave

A

D…

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3
Q

Net Radiation (Q*)
A) is always positive in the polar regions
B) is the balance, or the difference, between incoming and outgoing radiation
C) does not influence the surface temperature
D) is lowest in the equatorial region

A

B

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4
Q

The Earth’s atmosphere selectively absorbs radiation that is emitted from the Earth’s surface in which one on the following wavebands or groups of wavelengths?
A) ultraviolet
B) thermal infra-red
C) X-ray
D) microwave

A

B

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5
Q

K(down) is…
A) outgoing solar
B) incoming solar
C) outgoing longwave
D) incoming longwave

A

B) incoming solar (shortwave)

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6
Q

Albedo is…
A) the proportion of incoming solar radiation that is reflected off of a surface
B) low for highly reflective surfaces such as snow and ice
C) the amount of outgoing longwave radiation from the earth’s surface that is absorbed in the atmosphere
D) not influenced by the colour of a surface

A

A) the proportion of incoming solar radiation that is reflected off a surface

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7
Q

Which of the following best describes the main methodology governing geographic inquiry?
A) spatial analysis
B) behavioural analysis
C) chronological organization
D) reasoning systematics

A

A) spatial analysis

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8
Q

The Earth’s surface absorbs radiation that WAS emitted from the Sun’s surface in which one of the following wavebands or groups of wavelengths?
A) gamma radiation
B) thermal infra-red
C) visible light
D) microwave

A

C

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9
Q

Which of these has the highest albedo?
A) a sandy beach
B) water reflecting sunlight into submarine vegetation
C) parking lot heating up during summer
D) fresh snowfall covering a rooftop
E) wearing a black t-shirt on a sunny summer day

A

D

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10
Q

True or false - glacial ice typically moves 100+ metres per year

A

FALSE - around 10m!

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11
Q

What are the two controls on climate?

A

Precipitation and temperature

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12
Q

Which of the following is true regarding clouds?
A) they decrease nighttime temperatures and increase daytime temperatures
B) they cover about 10% of earth’s surface at any one time
C) they increase temperature minimums AND temperature maximums
D) they act like insulation in that they have a moderating influence on temperatures
E) none of the above

A

D. they do be like a blanket.

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13
Q

Which of the following is generally true of well-developed cumulonimbus clouds?
A) they extend through all levels of the atmosphere and have explosive tops
B) they are more likely to form in association with a warm from than a cold front
C) they are incapable of producing rain
D) they are incapable of producing hail
E) all of the above

A

A. BIG THOR CLOUDS

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14
Q

The term ‘orographic’ refers to which of the following?
A) vertical lifting due to converging air masses
B) lifting along the edges of conflicting air masses
C) forced uplift due to the presence of a physical barrier
D) convection stimulated principally by local heating
E) no, it doesn’t refer to that

A

C - mountain lifting

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15
Q

what is the name for solar energy that is intercepted by earth?
A) conduction
B) advection
C) albedo
D) insolation

A

D) insolation

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16
Q

Global climate change…
A) has been dominated by global cooling
B) is linked to falling sea levels
C) cannot be proven scientifically
D) is evidenced by growing glaciers worldwide
E) includes shifting climate zones

A

E

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17
Q

which would happen if the Earth’s axial tilt were to decrease from 23.5 degrees to 21.5 degrees?
A) annual temperature ranges would become less extreme
B) climate would be no different than exists today
C) winters would become colder
D) temperatures would not change at all from season to season

A

A

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18
Q

in the water budget, ____ is the major receipt and ____ is the major expenditure
A) actual evapotranspiration; precipitation
B) precipitation; actual evapotranspiration
C) insolation; latent heat of evaporation
D) insolation; radiative cooling

A

B

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19
Q

which one of the following statements is true?
A) as the wavelength of electromagnetic increases, the colour also increases
B) hotter objects emit longer wavelengths of radiation compared to cooler objects
C) objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit radiation
D) radiation cannot pass through space

A

C

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20
Q

Solar radiation that is reflected off of the Earth’s surface back to space is called:
A) outgoing shortwave
B) incoming longwave
C) incoming shortwave
D) outgoing long wave

A

A

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21
Q

Net Radiation (Q*):
A) is always positive near the polar regions
B) is the balance, or the difference, between incoming and outgoing radiation
C) does not influence the surface temperature
D) is lowest in the equatorial region

A

B

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22
Q

The Earth’s atmosphere selectively absorbs radiation that is emitted from the Earth’s surface in which one of the following wavebands or groups of wavelengths?
A) ultraviolet
B) thermal infra-red
C) X-ray
D) microwave

A

B

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23
Q

K (down) is…
A) outgoing solar
b) incoming solar
C) outgoing long wave
D) incoming longwave

A

B

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24
Q

Albedo is
A) the proportion of incoming solar radiation that is reflected off of a surface
B) low for highly reflective surfaces such as snow and ice
C) the amount of outgoing long wave radiation from he earth’s surface that is absorbed in the atmosphere
D) not influenced by the colour of a surface

A

A

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25
Q

The Earth’s surface absorbs radiation that WAS emitted from the sun’s surface in which one of the following wavebands or groups of wavelengths?
A) gamma radiation
B) thermal infra-red
C) visible light
D) microwave

A

B

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26
Q

the ___ temperature scale is used in scientific research because temperature readings are proportional to the actual kinetic energy in a material?
A) Celsius
B) Christopherson
C) Kelvin
D) Fahrenheit

A

C

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27
Q

Holding all other factors constant, air temperature diminishes with increasing altitude because the ___ of the atmosphere decreases
A) continentality
B) apparent temperature
C) specific heat
D) density

A

D

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28
Q

Temperature maps commonly use lines of constant (equal) temperature called ___ to portray the spatial pattern of temperature
A) isotherms
B) isobars
C) isolines
D) isohalines

A

A

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29
Q

the isotherm connecting all points of highest mean temperature is called the:
A) equatorial isotherm
B) thermal equilibrium
C) isotherm
D) thermal equator

A

D

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30
Q

The ___ indicates the human body’s reaction to temperature and water vapour
A) wind chill index
B) heat index
C) humidity index
D) Kelvin scale

A

B

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31
Q

Places with the largest annual temperature ranges on Earth are ____
A) the middle latitudes, which are neither too hot nor too cold
B) along the west coasts of the continents
C) polar regions
D) subpolar locations within the continental interiors of NA and Asia

A

D

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32
Q

On a global scale, ___ is the single most important direct influence on temperature
A) longitude
B) insolation
C) wind patterns
D) altitude

A

B

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33
Q

T/F The wind chill index and heat index are both measurements of apparent temperature

A

True

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34
Q

T/F Clouds are the most variable factor influencing Earth’s radiation budget

A

True

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35
Q

___ is the short-term, day-to-day conditions of the atmosphere
A) Weather
B) Climate
C) Advection
D) Meterology

A

A

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36
Q

A(n) ____ front is produced when a cold front overtakes a cyclonic warm front, wedging beneath it.
A) stationary front
B) wave cyclone
C) occluded front
D) midlatitude cyclone

A

C

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37
Q

On average, which month has the largest # of tornadoes - May, March, January or July?

A

May

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38
Q

A _____ front commonly results in the formation of towering cumulonimbus clouds
A) occluded front
B) cold front
C) warm front
D) stationary front

A

B

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39
Q

____ fronts travel faster than ____
a) cold / warm
B) stationary / occluded
C) occluded / stationary
D) warm / cold

A

A) Cold / Warm

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40
Q

Cyclonic storms and air masses move across the United States along ___ which shift in latitude with the Sun and the seasons
A) chinook winds
B) squall lines
C) storm tracks
D) wave cyclones
E) occluded fronts

A

C

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41
Q

______ air masses form only in the N Hemisphere and are most developed in winter and cold-weather conditions
A) continental tropical
B) maritime tropical
C) maritime polar
D) continental polar
E) maritime equatorial

A

D

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42
Q

What state has the highest average annual occurrences of thunderstorms in the USA?
A) Maryland
B) Oklahoma
C) Florida
D) Texas

A

C

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43
Q

T/F: Weather data needed for synoptic analysis includes wind, pressure, temperature and moisture conditions.

A

True

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44
Q

T/F: A rain shadow typically occurs on the windward side of slopes of mountains

A

False

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45
Q

T/F: Tornadoes can occur year round, but tend to peak in late spring to early summer

A

True

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46
Q

T/F: Much of the damage associated with hurricanes often results from storm surges

A

True

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47
Q

T/F: An air mass retains its initial characteristics as it migrates from its source region

A

False

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48
Q

A small circle has a center that coincides with the center of the earth… T/F?

A

False! A big circle does.

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49
Q

T/F: Geodesy is the science that determines the size and shape of Earth

A

True

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50
Q

T/F: The whole world adjusts for daylight savings each year in much the same way as most of North America

A

False

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51
Q

_____ is the world standard for a consistent Universal Time
A) Daylight saving time
B) the prime meridian
C) greenwich mean time
D) standard time
E) Coordinated Universal Time

A

E

52
Q

the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere are examples of ____ systems
A) abiotic
B) latitudinal
C) volcanic
D) longitudinal
E) biotic

A

A

53
Q

A computer-based processing tool for gathering, manipulating and analyzing geographic information is called a _____
A) geographic information system
B) closed system
C) Global Positioning System
D) map projection
E) remote sensor

A

A

54
Q

A ____ is a simplified, idealized representation of the real world used to help us understand complex systems
A) feedback loop
B) model
C) lithosphere
D) earth surface process
E) threshold

A

B

55
Q

In terms of physical matter and resources, the Earth is essentially a ____ system
A) geographic
B) feedback
C) open
D) closed
E) energy

A

D

56
Q

Outputs generated by a system that encourage or discourage system operation are called:
A) biotic and abiotic analyses
B) positive and negative feedback
C) steady-state equilibrium
C) open and closed concepts

A

B

57
Q

What is the name for solar energy that is intercepted by Earth?
A) conduction
B) advection
C) albedo
D) insolation

A

D

58
Q

Global climate change
A) has been dominated by global cooling
B) is linked to falling sea levels
C) cannot be scientifically proven
D) is evidenced by growing glaciers worldwide
E) includes shifting climate zones

A

E

59
Q

What would happen if Earth’s axial tilt were to decrease from 23.5 to 21.5 degrees?
A) annual temperature ranges would become less extreme
B) climate would be no different than exists today
C) winters would become colder
D) temperatures would not change at all from season to season

A

A

60
Q

In the water budget, ____ is the major receipt and ____ is the major expenditure
A) actual evapotranspiration; precipitation
B) precipitation; actual evapotranspiration
C) insolation; latent heat of evaporation
D) insolation; radiative cooling

A

B

61
Q

________ is (are) the largest potential freshwater source(s) in the hydrologic cycle
A) streams
B) glacial ice
C) lakes
D) groundwater

A

D

62
Q

______ is defined as the penetration of water into the soil surface and subsurface
A) interception
B) infiltration
C) capillary action
D) transpiration
E) percolation

A

B

63
Q

______ is inaccessible to plants because it is tightly bound to each soil particle
A) gravitational water
B) hygroscopic water
C) capillary water
D) overland flow

A

B

64
Q

When he potentiometric surface is above ground level, groundwater confined under pressure may rise tot he surface without pumping. this water is called ___
A) permeable water
B) porous water
C) artesian water
D) potentiometric water

A

C

65
Q

A(n) ____ forms as a result of excessive drawdown and the lowering of the water table around a well
A) cone of depression
B) Artesian spring
C) lysimetric drop
D) effluent stream

A

A

66
Q

After excess water drains from the larger pore spaces, then soil is said to be at ____
A) minimum permeability
B) field capacity
C) maximum porosity
D) the wilting point

A

B

67
Q

____ streams are characteristic of dry regions where the water table is generally lower than the stream bed
A) artesian
B) overland
C) influent
D) effluent
E) perennial

A

C

68
Q

Waste dilution, ecosystem maintenance, and hydroelectric power production are all examples of ___ uses of water
A) contaminated
B) consumptive
C) instream
D) off stream

A

C

69
Q

Relative to plants, soils are said to be at the ____ when all that remains is inaccessible water for plant use
A) condensation point
B) saturation point
C) field point
D) wilting point
E) drying point

A

D

70
Q

_____ hold the highest percentage of surface freshwater
A) rivers and streams
B) the atmosphere
C) freshwater lakes
D) ice caps and glaciers

A

D

71
Q

The continuous movement of water in all its states throughout the lower atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere is known as the ___
A) water flux
B) hydrologic cycle
C) water budget
D) evapotranspiration

A

B

72
Q

T/F: air temperature is a measure of the presence of apparent heat

A

False - sensible heat

73
Q

T/F: Water covers 71% of Earth by area

A

True

74
Q

T/F: the term outgassing is used to refer tot he worldwide changes in mean sea level

A

False - eustasy

75
Q

T/F: The sum of ice sheets, glaciers, and subsurface groundwater accounts for more than 99% of Earth’s freshwater

A

True

76
Q

T/F: The Northern Hemisphere is sometimes called the oceanic hemisphere because water dominates its surface

A

False

77
Q

T/F: Potential evapotranspiration is the amount of water that would evaporate and transpire under optimum conditions

A

True

78
Q

T/F: a confined aquifer is less susceptible to surface pollution Han is an unconfined aquifer

A

True

79
Q

T/F: as is evident from sea level changes, the overall quantity of water on Earth is constantly fluctuating

A

False

80
Q

T/F: perfectly straight channels are the most common naturally occurring stream channels

A

False

81
Q

T/F: sea level is the ultimate base level

A

True

82
Q

T/F: a 50-year flood can only occur once every 50 years

A

False

83
Q

T/F: erosion of the walls of a channel normally occurs not he inner portion of each meander

A

False

84
Q

In semiarid and arid climates, a(n) ____ forms when water exits a restricted channel and uses velocity, thereby depositing layer upon layer of sediment along the base of the mountain block
A) alluvial fan
B) meander scar
C) point bar
D) oxbow lake
E) delta

A

A

85
Q

A meander that becomes isolated from the rest of the river is known as a(n) _______________
A) cutback
B) point bar
C) meander scar
D) oxbow lake
E) undercut bank

A

D

86
Q

In a straight channel or section of channel, the greatest flow velocity occurs ____
A) near the surface at the centre
B) along the undercut bank
C) at the outer portion of the meander curve
D) near the point bar

A

A

87
Q

The general fluvial process that creates natural levees along rivers is ___
A) saltation
B) drainage
C) deposition
D) discharge
E) erosion
F) traction

A

C

88
Q

If sediment load exceeds the stream’s capacity, sediment accumulates int he bed, and the stream channel builds up in a process known as ___
A) saltation
B) abrasion
C) aggradation
D) traction
E) degradation

A

C

89
Q

The ___ consists of fine-grained clastic particles that are held aloft in the stream until the stream velocity slows to nearly 0
A) bed load
B) dissolved load
C) suspended load
D) headwater erosion

A

C

90
Q

A ___ is a drainage divide that separates drainage basins that empty into different bodies of water surrounding a continent
A) delta
B) continental divide
C) interfluve
D) watershed
E) catchment

A

B

91
Q

Any process that wears away or rearranges landforms is called ___
A) denudation
B) geomorphology
C) hydration
D) carbonation
E) weathering

A

A

92
Q

___ is an especially important physical weathering process in arid environments
A) hydrolysis
B) exfoliation
C) denudation
D) frost action
E) crystallization (salt-crystal growth)

A

E

93
Q

Pressure-release jointing often creates ___
A) regolith
B) exfoliation domes
C) a talus slope
D) karst topography
E) sinkholes

A

B

94
Q

Combinations of an assortment of weathering processes and variations int he resistance properties of rocks are the cause of ___ weathering
A) chemical
B) spheroidal
C) structural
D) physical
E) differential

A

E

95
Q

___ are separations or fractures in rock that occur without displacement of the sides (e.g. without faulting)
A) exfoliations
B) spheroids
C) sheets
D) joints
E) sediments

A

D

96
Q

The ___ represents a balance of driving forces and resisting forces on a slope
A) slope contour
B) gravity zone
C) topographic angle
D) angle of repose
E) debris angle

A

D

97
Q

When the moisture content of moving material is high, the suffix ___ is used
A) fall
B) flow
C) avalanche
D) creep
E) slide

A

B

98
Q

The point at which energy overcomes resistance against movement is called geomorphic ____
A) denudation
B) cycle
C) equilibrium
D) threshold
E) angled slope

A

D

99
Q

___ would not likely be a contributing factor in a mass-movement event
A) highly weathered and unconsolidated slope materials
B) saturation of slope materials
C) time of day
D) a earthquake
E) over-steepening

A

C

100
Q

T/F: When water freezes its volume expands as much as 9%, which is a controlling process int he physical weathering type frost wedging

A

True

101
Q

T/F: Landscapes quickly recover from dramatic events such as major landslides

A

False

102
Q

T/F soil creep is among the most rapid masse-movement processes

A

False

103
Q

The process by which pieces of ice break free along the edge of a glacier is known as ___
A) ice regelation
B) basal slip
C) glacial surge
D) calving
E) sublimation

A

D

104
Q

Cols, horns, cirques are examples of landforms produced in a(n) ___
A) continental glacier
B) Piedmont glacier
C) ice field
D) ice cap
E) alpine glacier

A

E

105
Q

By looking at a drumlin with a blunt end that faces northeast and a ‘tapered end’ pointing southwest, you would know that the glacier moved ___
A) NW to SE
B) N to S
C) SE to NW
D) NE to SW
E) SW to NE

A

D

106
Q

T/F: a small hill, knob or mount of sorted sand and gravel deposited by water on the surface of a glacier is called a drumlin.

A

False - it’s a kame

107
Q

Globally, glaciers tend to form at:
A) high latitudes and low elevations
B) low latitudes and high elevations
C) high latitudes and high elevations
D) low latitudes and low elevations

A

C

108
Q

A ___ forms where sea fills a glacier-carved valley below sea level and later retreats
A) moraine
B) paternoster
C) bergschrund
D) cirque
E) fjord

A

E

109
Q

Which of the following landforms is not a landform that could be formed by alpine glaciations?
A) horn
B) col
C) esker
D) cirque

A

C

110
Q

Global sea levels are expected to ___ in response to global warming and melting glaciers
A) remain unchanged
B) fall drastically, then gradually rise
C) rise

A

C

111
Q

___ are considered depositional landforms, whereas ___ are not
A) erratics/kames
B) moraines/horns
C) aretes/U-shaped valleys
D) striations/fjords
E) drumlins/eskers

A

B

112
Q

T/F: Approximately three-quarters of the Earth’s freshwater is frozen

A

True

113
Q

T/F: the basal slip movement associated with glacial movement is usually much faster than the internal plastic flow movement of a glacier.

A

False

114
Q

T/F: deflation, surface melting, calving, and sublimation are all examples of ablation

A

True

115
Q

T/F: If two glaciers with lateral moraines join, a medial moraine may form.

A

True

116
Q

T/F: Ice is both a mineral and a rock

A

True

117
Q

T/F the extent of the cryosphere changes on a seasonal basis

A

True

118
Q

T/F: Canada’s glacial regions can be classified as Arctic, Coastal and Rocky Mountain

A

True!

119
Q

A glacier becomes smaller when ___
A) cold temperatures cause the ice to contract
B) ice begins to flow back uphill
C) ice melts faster at its terminus than is added at the top

A

C

120
Q

If mass balance is positive for a glacier, it:
A) gains mass and expand
B) loses mass and retreats
C) loses mass and expand
D) gains mass and retreats

A

A

121
Q

If mass balance is negative for a glacier, it:
A) gains mass and expand
B) loses mass and retreats
C) loses mass and expand
D) gains mass and retreats

A

B

122
Q

Which of these examples has the highest albedo?
A) a sandy beach
B) water reflecting sunlight into submarine vegetation
C) parking lot heating up during the summer
D) fresh snowfall covering a rooftop
E) wearing a black t-shirt on a sunny summer day

A

D

123
Q

T/F: glacial ice typically moves 100+ metres per year

A

False - “tens of meters”

124
Q

These glaciers consist of warm (temperate) ice and move by a combination of creep and sliding
A) continental
B) alpine
C) trough glaciers
D) basin landforms

A

B

125
Q

Which type of glacier features are the following: moraines, kettle and game, eskers and lake plains
A) depositional
B) continental
C) alpine
D) erosional

A

A - they deposit stuff

126
Q

T/F: when many drumlins are present on a till plane, it’s called a drumlin swarm

A

True! Lol.

GG101 (3 decks)

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