Bones - Terms and Definitions

Question 1

Collogen Fibers

Answer 1

Resists tention forces.

Question 2

Elastic Fibers

Answer 2

Used for strech.

Question 3

What are the Functions of the Skeleton

Answer 3

The skeleton is used for Support, Movement, Protection, Storage and Red Blood Cell Formation

Question 4

The 2 types of Bone Tissue

Answer 4

Compact Bone & Cancellous Bone

Question 5

Compact Bone

Answer 5

Dense Bone. Strong, used for transmitting force in a direction.

Question 6

Cancellous Bone

Answer 6

Trabecullar Bone. Light and Spongy Bone. Used for shock absorbing. Resists and chanels force from multiple directions.

Question 7

Types of the classes of bones

Answer 7

Long Bone, Short Bone, Flat Bone, Irregular Bone.

Question 8

Long Bone

Answer 8

Longer compare to their width. Wider epiphyes (ends) and longer-narrower diaphysis (shaft).

Question 9

Short Bone

Answer 9

Equal width and lenght. Made Mostly of cancellous bone. Has many diffrent functions eg. weight bearing and shock absorption.

Question 10

Flat Bone

Answer 10

Main function is for muscle attachment, protection. Made as thin plates of compact bone.

Question 11

Irregular Bone

Answer 11

Does not have the charactristics of the other bone types. They have various shapes and functions. Ofen is not only cancellous bone and has holes.

Question 12

Axial Skeleton

Answer 12

Important for the protection of vital organs. Bones of the core (eg. skull, sternem, ribs, vertabral colum, sacrum, coccyx.)

Question 13

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 13

Bones of the limbs. Mostly important for movement.

Question 14

The Skull

Answer 14

Made of 2 parts. The cranium and the facial bones.

Question 15

Vertebral Colum

Answer 15

Keeps the trunk upright, lots of muscels and ligaments attached.

Question 16

Rib Cage

Answer 16

aka Thoratic cage. Main parts are the ribs and the sternum (breats bone). Attached to the Thorasic vertabrae. 12 pairs of ribs.

Question 17

What are the 4 limbs on the body

Answer 17

Arm, Forearm, Thigh, Leg

Question 18

Humerus

Answer 18

Single proximal long bone in arm.

Question 19

Femur

Answer 19

Single proximal long bone in thigh.

Question 20

Ulna and Radius

Answer 20

Two distal long bones in forearm.

Question 21

Tibia and Radius

Answer 21

Two distal long bones in legs.

Question 22

What bones are in the hand

Answer 22

Carpals (8), Metacarpals (5), Phlanges (14, 2 in thumb)

Question 23

What bones are in the foot

Answer 23

Tarsals (7), Metatarsals (5), Phlanges (14, 2 in big toe)

Question 24

What bones are in the Pectoral Girdle

Answer 24

Clavicle and Scapula

Question 25

What bones are in the Pelvic Girdle

Answer 25

2 Hip bones and Sacrum (part of the axial skeleton)

Question 26

Osteogenic

Answer 26

Stem cells used to produce “osteoblasts”

Question 27

Osteoblasts

Answer 27

Used to make new bone matrix

Question 28

Osteocytes

Answer 28

Mature bone cells

Question 29

Osteoclasts

Answer 29

Breaks away old bone cells.

Question 30

Osteons

Answer 30

Longitudinal unit with compact bone. Main function to provide a pathway for nutrients to get to cells in the ECM.

Question 31

Central Canal

Answer 31

In the osteon, contains blood vessels and nerves.

Question 32

Lacunae

Answer 32

Lakes for ostocytes

Question 33

Canaliculi

Answer 33

Channels for osteocytes through the ECM

Question 34

Trabeculae

Answer 34

Struts of lamella bone.

Question 35

Bone Remodeling

Answer 35

Allowing bones to grow, also knowen as bone homeostasis.