Bones/Skeleton

Question 1

Long Bone

Answer 1

Longer on their longitudinal axis - most of the bone of the limbs. They have 1 diaphysis (shaft) and 2 epiphyses (proximal and distal - extremities - contains red marrow); are slightly curved for strength; medullary cavity at the center of the diaphysis (bone marrow - yellow marrow); have bumps (tubercles and tuberosities for attachment of muscles/tendons/ligaments. (Ex; humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia)

Question 2

Short Bone

Answer 2

Nearly equal in length and width, irregular in shape, are mostly spongy bone, with a thin outer layer of compact bone; diffuse forces in confined spaces such as at the carpus (wrist) and the tarsus (ankle) regions. (Ex: carpal and tarsal bones)

Question 3

Flat Bone

Answer 3

Are thinner and broader, and two compact plates enclose a layer of spongy bone. (Ex: Bones of the skull, ribs, scapula, os coxae)

Question 4

Irregular Bone

Answer 4

Complex with too many projections (processes) for muscle attachment. (Ex: vertebrae, bones of skull)

Question 5

Axial Skeleton

Answer 5

Supports the head, neck, and trunk. They consist of the bones that form the axis of the body: the skull, or the vertebral column - the bones are called the vertebrae, the ribs, and the sternum

Question 6

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 6

Consists of the bones of the limbs and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton - scapula, clavicle (cats), humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, phalanges, sesamoid bones, os coxae (ischium, pubis, acetabulum), femur, tibia, patella, fabella, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones

Question 7

Visceral Skeleton

Answer 7

Consists of os penis (dog and cat), os cordis (aged horse, occasionally in cattle but mostly cariaginous)