Anatomical Terminologies Flashcards
Dorsal
Toward Spine (dorsum)
Ventral
Toward Belly (ventrum)
Proximal
Closer (shoulder to elbow)
Distal
Farther (elbow to shoulder)
Cranial
Toward Head (rostral - muzzle end of head)
Caudal
Toward Tail
Medial
Toward Median Plane
Lateral
Away from Median Plane
Palmar
Front Paw (Fore- Paw)
Plantar
Back Paw (Hind- Paw)
Axial
Longitudinal Line Runs between Digits 3 and 4
Abaxial
Away from Axis Digits 2 and 5
Superficial
Near/Close to Surface/Skin (skin to bone)
Deep
Farther Away from Surface (bone to skin)
Anterior
Toward Front
Posterior
Toward Back
Inferior
Distal
Superior
Proximal/Dorsal
Median Plane (mid-sagittal)
Line Down Midline Divide Body into Left and Right Equal Halves
Paramedian (sagittal)
Alongside/Adjacent to Median Plane (Parallel)
Transverse Plane (cross section)
Line Perpendicular to Longitudinal Axis of Body
Dorsal/Frontal Plane
Perpendicular to Both Median and Transverse Planes
Protraction (TL)/Propulsion (PL)
Thoracic Limb Swings Cranially/Forward
Retraction (TL)/Repulsion (PL)
Thoracic Limb Swings Caudally
Adduction
Limb Moves Towards Median Plane
Abduction
Limb Moves Away From Median or Center of Axis
Elevation/Depression
Thoracic Limb, Shoulder Region, when Scapula moves above Dorsum (Spine)
Extension/Flexion
Angle between Bones that Form Joint Increase or Decrease
Pronation
Palm Faces Down
Supination
Palm Faces Up
Rotation
Bone Rotates Around its Longitudinal axis (Hip Joint)
Circumduction
Mixture of Movements (Shoulder Joint)
