BONES OF THE SKULL Flashcards
FRONTAL BONE
-Cranial bone that forms forehead, superior part of eye orbits & the floor of the anterior cranial fossa
-Eye orbit is the bony sockets that surround the eyeball
-The frontal sinuses are houses within the anterior portion of the frontal bone
PARIETAL BONE
Bilateral bones form the superior (roof) and lateral portions of cranium
parietal means “wall”.
TEMPORAL BONE
-Bilateral bones that help to form the lower side (inferolateral) portions
of the cranium.
-Several markings including that the external auditory meatus (canal), part of the zygomatic process, the styloid process, mastoid process jugular foramen, & the carotid canal
OCCIPITAL BONE
Cranial bone the forms the back (posterior) and most of the base of the skull.
Important structures include the jugular foramen, occipital condyles and the external occipital protuberance
SPHENOID BONE
Cranial bone that is bat-shaped or butterfly shaped bone.
The sphenoid bone articulates with all other cranial bones.
sphen means “wedge shaped”.
Sphenoid sinus is in this bone
Important structures include the Sella Turcica, Optic Foramen, and the carotid canal.
ETHMOID BONE
-Cranial bone that forms part of the anterior cranial fossa, part of the nasal septum and the nasal cavity.
-The ethmoid bone also forms the medial wall of the eye orbit.
-Ethmoid sinus is located within this bone
-Important structures on the ethmoid bone include the crista galli, cribriform foramina, superior and middle nasal conchae
SELLA TURCICA
means “Turkish saddle”
located on the superior surface of the sphenoid bone.
The “seat of the saddle” houses the pituitary gland.
CRISTA GALLI
-Means “rooster’s comb” and is a short finger like projection.
-Projects superior from midline of ethmoid bone
Attaches to the dura mater (outer most layer of the connective tissue surrounding the brain) and helps secure the brain within the skull.
CRIBIFORM PLATE
Plates on either side of the base of crista galli.
Contains olfactory foramina for olfactory nerves to pass through
CAROTID CANAL
Opening through which the internal carotid artery passes into the cranial cavity.
OPTIC FORAMEN/CANALS
Openings at the base of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone and is anterior to sella turcica.
Optic nerve (cranial nerve II) passes through here.
FORAMEN MAGNUM
-means “large hole”
-Located at the base of the occipital bone allows for the spinal cord to pass through.
JUGULAR FORAMEN
This is a large opening near the foramen magnum and is located on the dense part of the temporal bone.
-The jugular vein and three cranial nerves pass through this opening.
OCCIPITAL CONDYLES
Condyles are rounded surfaces in a joint.
The occipital condyles are bilateral to the foramen magnum.
Articulate with the atlas as in nodding head to indicate “yes”
STYLOID PROCESS
Needle like projection on the temporal bone
Provides attachment for several neck and tongue muscles
MASTOID PROCESS
Located behind the ear
Is the insertion point for the sternocleidomastoid muscle, along with
other neck muscles
EXTERNAL OCCIPITAL PROTURBANCE
bump at back of occipital bone
CORONAL SUTURE
coronal means “crown”. This suture is between frontal and parietal
bones
SAGITTAL SUTURE
sagittal means “arrow”. This suture is between the parietal bones
LAMBDOID SUTURE
oid” means “shaped like”. This suture is named the lambdoid because
it looks like the Greek letter lambda which looks like this: ʄ
It is located between the occipital and parietal bones
MAXILLA
Facial bones that articulates with all other facial bones (except the
mandible)
Holds upper teeth and forms parts of the palate, nasal cavity, and floor
of the eye sockets
Houses the largest sinus – the maxillary sinus
Forms anterior of hard palate
Also referred to as the maxillary bones
LACRIMAL BONES
Forms a portion of the medial eye orbit
Lacrimal refers to tear
Lacrimal sac is housed within the lacrimal fossa
ZYGOMATIC BONES
Form high part of cheek and the lateral part of floor of eye orbit
Commonly referred to as the cheek bone
Important structures include the zygomatic arch consists of processes
from temporal and zygomatic bones
PALATINE BONES
POSTERIOR OF HARD PALATE
NASAL CONCHAE
-Ridged bones in nasal cavity create turbulence
-Covered with mucoperiosteum of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
-Drainage openings for the sinuses are located in this area
-Superior and middle nasal conchae are part of the ethmoid bone
-Superior nasal conchae are too high to be seen looking into the nasal cavity
VOMER
Thin, blade shaped bone that forms the inferior portion of the nasal
septum. Posterior to the palatine bones
MANDIBLE
Movable portion of the jaw. The largest bone in the human skull
Holds the lower teeth in place
Composed of the body and the ramus and is commonly referred to as
the jawbone
Important structures include the mental protuberance (chin), mental
foramen, coronoid and condylar processes
NASOLACRIMAL CANAL
ears drain through this canal from the lacrimal sac into nasal cavity
located between the lacrimal and maxillary bones.
Commonly referred to as the tear duct
hyoid bone
isolated bone and does not articulate with any other bone.
attachment for muscles that form neck
bones making up sinuses
frontal bone
maxillary
ethmoidal
sphenoidal
bones that form eye
zygomatic
ethmoid
spheniod
lacrimal
maxilla
frontal
