Bones & Muscles

Question 1

What is the axial skeleton?

Answer 1

Midline of the body. Skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage, middle ear bones

Question 2

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 2

Bones of arms and legs plus the bones that hold them together (shoulders and hips)

Question 3

What bones/structures make up the cranium?

Answer 3

Frontal, Parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

Question 4

What are nasal conchae and how are they connected to the respiratory system?

Answer 4

Thin curved projections of ethmoid bone that extend into the nasal cavity. Rapid warming and humidification of air traveling to lungs.

Question 5

What are the three type of vertebrae and where would you find them?

Answer 5

Cervical-neck. Thoracic-thoracic area. Lumbar-lower back.

Question 6

Do the ribs articulate with the sternum? If not, how do the ribs and sternum connect?

Answer 6

No, The TRUE ribs and sternum are connected by costal cartilage.

Question 7

What is the difference between true, false, and floating ribs?

Answer 7

True ribs have costal cartilage that connect directly to the sternum, False ribs have costal cartilage that does not attach directly to the sternum, and floating ribs do not attach at all

Question 8

Explain the hyoid bone and ear ossicles: where are they found? Why are they special?

Answer 8

The hyoid bone is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bones; it “floats” in the upper neck where it is held in place by small muscles. It works with muscles during swallowing and speaking. The ear ossicles are embedding into our temporal lobe (middle ear). They help collect sound from the eardrum and transfer it into the inner ear.

Question 9

What bones make up the pectoral girdle?

Answer 9

The pectoral girdle consists of the scapula (shoulder blade) and clavicle(collarbone). They attach each upper limb to the axial skeleton

Question 10

What bones make up the pelvic girdle?

Answer 10

The Coxal (hip bone) bone.

Question 11

What bones make up the pelvis?

Answer 11

The sacrum and coccyx.

Question 12

What is the most commonly fractured bone in the body?

Answer 12

The clavicle

Question 13

What is the bony structure at the tip of the elbow called? What bone is it part of?

Answer 13

The olecranon, which is at the proximal end of the ulna.

Question 14

Explain the difference between carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.

Answer 14

The carpals (8) are in the wrist, the metacarpals (5) are the palm of the hand, the phalanges (14) are our fingers and thumb. Our fingers contain 3 phalanges per finger and 2 in the thumb.

Question 15

How many phalanges are in each hand? The entire body?

Answer 15

14 on each hand, 56 is the total of our hands and feet combined. (14x4)

Question 16

Coxal (“hip”) bones are made from the fusion of what three bones?

Answer 16

The coxal bone is made up of 3 bones that have been fused together. The ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Question 17

What is the strongest bone in the body?

Answer 17

Femur (thigh bone)

Question 18

What is the pubic symphysis? The acetabulum?

Answer 18

The pubic symphysis is a specialized JOINT where the left and right coxal bones join. The acetabulum is where the head of the femur will attach to the pelvis.

Question 19

What is the longest bone in the body?

Answer 19

Femur (thigh bone)

Question 20

Explain the difference between tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.

Answer 20

The tarsals (7) make up the posterior half of our foot that supports the ankle (contains the calcaneus) The metatarsals and phalanges are the same makeup as our fingers.

Question 21

What are the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 21

Frontalis and occipitalis (overlay the frontal and occipital bone) buccinator, orbicularis oculi (eyelids), and orbicularis oris (lips)

Question 22

Name the muscles of mastication. What is mastication?

Answer 22

Mastication is chewing. The masseter elevates the mandible (lower jaw) to close the mouth, and the temporalis muscle assists.

Question 23

Name the muscles that move the head. What three things does sternocleidomastoid attach to?

Answer 23

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. The sternocleidomastoid attaches to the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process of the temporal bone.

Question 24

Name the muscles that move the trunk. Which of these are the “six-pack” muscles?

Answer 24

Intercostals (in between the ribs) rectus abdominis (straight muscle of the abdomen and 6 pack muscles) Oblique (allow the trunk to rotate)

Question 25

What muscles move the arm? What is the full name of your “pecs”?

Answer 25

pectoralis major (pecs), latissimus dorsi (triangle muscle covering the lower back) deltoid (triangular shape of our shoulder)

Question 26

When you “flex your bicep”, what muscle do you contract? When you “extend your bicep” by moving the forearm the opposite way, what muscle do you contract?

Answer 26

When flexing your bicep you contract your biceps brachii, when extending your bicep you are using your triceps brachii

Question 27

Where are the “quads”? What muscles make up the quads?

Answer 27

Your quads are your thigh muscles made up of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and the vastus medialis

Question 28

What is the name of your large calf muscle and the tendon it is attached to?

Answer 28

The large calf muscle is called the gastrocnemius, which attached to the calcaneal tendon (achilles tendon)

Question 29

Name the facial bones

Answer 29

Maxillary, palatine, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, mandible

Question 30

What muscle is on the arm but does NOT move it?

Answer 30

Biceps brachii