Bones & Muscles Flashcards
What is the axial skeleton?
Midline of the body. Skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage, middle ear bones
What is the appendicular skeleton?
Bones of arms and legs plus the bones that hold them together (shoulders and hips)
What bones/structures make up the cranium?
Frontal, Parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
What are nasal conchae and how are they connected to the respiratory system?
Thin curved projections of ethmoid bone that extend into the nasal cavity. Rapid warming and humidification of air traveling to lungs.
What are the three type of vertebrae and where would you find them?
Cervical-neck. Thoracic-thoracic area. Lumbar-lower back.
Do the ribs articulate with the sternum? If not, how do the ribs and sternum connect?
No, The TRUE ribs and sternum are connected by costal cartilage.
What is the difference between true, false, and floating ribs?
True ribs have costal cartilage that connect directly to the sternum, False ribs have costal cartilage that does not attach directly to the sternum, and floating ribs do not attach at all
Explain the hyoid bone and ear ossicles: where are they found? Why are they special?
The hyoid bone is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bones; it “floats” in the upper neck where it is held in place by small muscles. It works with muscles during swallowing and speaking. The ear ossicles are embedding into our temporal lobe (middle ear). They help collect sound from the eardrum and transfer it into the inner ear.
What bones make up the pectoral girdle?
The pectoral girdle consists of the scapula (shoulder blade) and clavicle(collarbone). They attach each upper limb to the axial skeleton
What bones make up the pelvic girdle?
The Coxal (hip bone) bone.
What bones make up the pelvis?
The sacrum and coccyx.
What is the most commonly fractured bone in the body?
The clavicle
What is the bony structure at the tip of the elbow called? What bone is it part of?
The olecranon, which is at the proximal end of the ulna.
Explain the difference between carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
The carpals (8) are in the wrist, the metacarpals (5) are the palm of the hand, the phalanges (14) are our fingers and thumb. Our fingers contain 3 phalanges per finger and 2 in the thumb.
How many phalanges are in each hand? The entire body?
14 on each hand, 56 is the total of our hands and feet combined. (14x4)
Coxal (“hip”) bones are made from the fusion of what three bones?
The coxal bone is made up of 3 bones that have been fused together. The ilium, ischium, and pubis.
What is the strongest bone in the body?
Femur (thigh bone)
What is the pubic symphysis? The acetabulum?
The pubic symphysis is a specialized JOINT where the left and right coxal bones join. The acetabulum is where the head of the femur will attach to the pelvis.
What is the longest bone in the body?
Femur (thigh bone)
Explain the difference between tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
The tarsals (7) make up the posterior half of our foot that supports the ankle (contains the calcaneus) The metatarsals and phalanges are the same makeup as our fingers.
What are the muscles of facial expression?
Frontalis and occipitalis (overlay the frontal and occipital bone) buccinator, orbicularis oculi (eyelids), and orbicularis oris (lips)
Name the muscles of mastication. What is mastication?
Mastication is chewing. The masseter elevates the mandible (lower jaw) to close the mouth, and the temporalis muscle assists.
Name the muscles that move the head. What three things does sternocleidomastoid attach to?
Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. The sternocleidomastoid attaches to the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process of the temporal bone.
Name the muscles that move the trunk. Which of these are the “six-pack” muscles?
Intercostals (in between the ribs) rectus abdominis (straight muscle of the abdomen and 6 pack muscles) Oblique (allow the trunk to rotate)
What muscles move the arm? What is the full name of your “pecs”?
pectoralis major (pecs), latissimus dorsi (triangle muscle covering the lower back) deltoid (triangular shape of our shoulder)
When you “flex your bicep”, what muscle do you contract? When you “extend your bicep” by moving the forearm the opposite way, what muscle do you contract?
When flexing your bicep you contract your biceps brachii, when extending your bicep you are using your triceps brachii
Where are the “quads”? What muscles make up the quads?
Your quads are your thigh muscles made up of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and the vastus medialis
What is the name of your large calf muscle and the tendon it is attached to?
The large calf muscle is called the gastrocnemius, which attached to the calcaneal tendon (achilles tendon)
Name the facial bones
Maxillary, palatine, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, mandible
What muscle is on the arm but does NOT move it?
Biceps brachii
