06 Skeletal System Flashcards
What do our bones make?
Blood cells
What do our bones store?
Minerals like Calcium and Phosphorus, and energy (fat).
What is the function of red bone marrow?
Where Hematopoiesis (blood cell production) takes place. RBC, WBC, and platelets are all produced in red marrow.
What is the function of yellow bone marrow?
Contains adipose tissue. The fat stored in the adipocytes of the tissue can serve as a source of energy.
What makes sesamoid bones unique?
These bones form inside of tendons.
Where do you find sesamoid bones in the body?
This varies person to person, but are typically found in tendons associated with the feet, hands, and knees. The patella is the only sesamoid bone that all people have in common.
Name the major regions on a long bone, including the locations of marrow, spongy and compact bone, and articular cartilage.
The diaphysis is a hollow cylindrical shaft where the medullary cavity is found. The medullary cavity is filled with yellow marrow. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of hard compact bone. At the end of the bones are the epiphysis, which are covered with articular cartilage. The epiphysis is filled with spongy bone, where red marrow fills the spaces of the spongy bone.
what specialized cells are present in osseous tissue?
Osteoblasts (build new bone), Osteoclasts (break down bone), Osteocytes (maintain bone)
What is the matrix made of and what special characteristic does osseous tissue give bone?
1/3 collagen fibers and 2/3 calcium salt. The collagen makes the bones strong, but also flexible, without being brittle. Plus, it serves as a scaffolding surface for the salt crystals to adhere to. The salt crystals give bones are what make the bones hard.
what is the structural unit of compact bone?
a tree-ring shaped structure called an osteon. Each osteon is made of rings of calcified matrix called lamellae. Running down the center of each osteon is the central (aka Haversian) canal, which contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels. These vessels and nerves branch off at right angles through perforating canals, allowing the blood and other structures to penetrate throughout the bone.
How is compact bone like a bundle of straws?
One straw is not particularly strong, but if you had a bundle of straws all tightly packed together, that could hold a lot of weight! So too can compact bone hold a lot of weight as we run and jump, thanks to the cylindrical shape of the osteons that run through compact bone.
What is spongy bones special characteristic?
spongy bone is much more open. This makes it lighter and more flexible, which is useful in areas such as the limbs.
what does “bones are dynamic” mean?
They are constantly changing.
What is ossification and what does it have to do with fontanels?
Ossification is the development of new bone. Fontanels are soft spots of the skull that have not fully developed yet, or have not gone through complete ossification yet.
What is the difference between longitudinal growth and appositional growth?
Longitudinal growth is the lengthening of a bones ie fetus to adult growth. Appositional growth is increase in diameter. Appositional growth occurs as osteoblasts add additional layers of matrix to the surface of bones.
