bones & joints

Question 1

describe a bone

Answer 1

there are 2 epiphysis, one is the head, and a diaphysis (shaft) in between
there is a marrow cavity in the diaphysis
there is an epiphyseal plate in between the diaphysis and both epiphysis
compact bones surrounds the marrow cavity and cancellous bone
periosteum surrounds most of the bones with the exception where there is articular cartilage

Question 2

what are the 3 classifications of joint?

Answer 2

synovial
fibrous
cartilaginous

Question 3

describe a synovial joint

Answer 3

extensive movement
smooth cartilage
synovial fluid in capsule
eg. shoulder, knee

Question 4

describe a fibrous joint

Answer 4

no synovial cavity

joint held together by dense CT eg. skull

Question 5

describe a cartilaginous joint

Answer 5

no synovium

little movement held together by cartilage eg. pelvis

Question 6

describe the components in a synovial joint

Answer 6

bones:
articular (hyaline) cartilage
marginal (fibro) cartilage
synovial fluid
joint capsule
ligaments:
musculotendinous support
tendons
muscles to move joint

Question 7

where do fibrous joints occur?

Answer 7

sutures of skull-no movement
syndesmoses
greater distance between articular surface
more dense CT
distal tibia & fibula

Question 8

where do cartilaginous joints occur?

Answer 8

pelvis, sternum, ribs

bone ends covered by hyaline cartilage, disc of fibrocartilage in between

Question 9

describe the vertebral column

Answer 9

cervical
C1-C7
thoracic
T1-T12
lumbar
L1-L5
sacrum
5 segments

Question 10

what are the 2 parts of the sternum?

Answer 10

sternum manubrium

sternum body

Question 11

what is the joint between the sternum and clavicle?

Answer 11

sterno-clavicular joint

Question 12

what is the joint between the clavicle and shoulder?

Answer 12

acromio-clavicular

Question 13

what are the pubic bones?

Answer 13

iliac
superior pubic ramus
pubic
inferior pubic ramus
ischium

Question 14

what is the upper arm bone?

Answer 14

humerus

Question 15

what is the shoulder bone?

Answer 15

scapula

Question 16

what is the glenoid fossa?

Answer 16

shoulder socket

Question 17

what are the lower arm bones?

Answer 17

radius and ulna

Question 18

describe the bones of the hand

Answer 18

8 carpal bones
5 metacarpals
14 phalanges (fingers)

Question 19

describe the femur joint -hip

Answer 19

femoral head
neck
greater tuberosity
lesser tuberosity
acetabulum-socket

Question 20

describe the knee

Answer 20

femus
femoral condyle medial
femoral condyle lateral
patella
tibia
fibula

Question 21

describe the ankle

Answer 21

tibia-> medial malleolus
fibula-> lateral malleolus
talus

Question 22

what is the heel bone?

Answer 22

calcaneus

Question 23

describe the feet bones

Answer 23

tarsal bones
metatarsals
phalanges