3 Flashcards
what is pain?
an unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage
what is nociceptive pain?
normal pain-mediated thru Adelta and C fibres
only elicited when intense/noxious stimuli threaten to damage normal tissue
adaptive/biological protective function
high threshold & limited duration
what is acute clinical pain?
results from soft tissue injury or inflammation
protective function
what is chronic clinical pain?
sustained (>3month) sensory abnormality ongoing peripheral pathology maladaptive-no advantage induction can be spontaneous or evoked resistant to tx
what are the segments of the spinal cord?
cervical (8) thoracic (12) lumbar (5) sacral (5) coccyngeal (1)
what is referred pain?
felt in 1 part of body, pathology elsewhere
referred to sites of embryological origin
sue to convergence of inputs to CNS
internal organ-> superficial area
what are nociceptor endings?
free nerve endings high threshold of activation respond to intense stimuli usually associated with pain Adelta=noxious mechanical/heat C=polymodal respond to dif noxious stimuli display sensitisation
how does the CNS relay nociceptive cells?
spinal dorsal horn
-spinal trigeminal nucleus
what is the CNS pathway for nociception?
spinothalamic tract
-anterior trigemino-thalamic tract
what factors affect pain perception?
genetic molecular cellular anatomical physiological psychological social
what are the psychological factors of pain perception?
sex age cognitive level previous pain family culture
what are the situational factors of pain perception?
expectation
control
relevance
what are the emotional factors of pain perception?
fear
anger
frustration
what is an intrinsic pain modulating mechanism?
endorphin release:
endogenous opioids
