Bones/Joints

Question 1

scapular winging

Answer 1

if either the long thoracic nerve or the dorsal scapular nerve (innervating the serratus anterior and rhomboids, respectively) are damaged, there will be scapular winging. Weakness of the Rhomboids will also cause a lateral rotation; weakness of the serratus anterior will cause a medial rotation.

Question 2

Fibrous joints

Answer 2

bind bones together via dens fibrous CT (“fixed” joints). 3 types: sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses

Question 3

sutures

Answer 3

occur between articulating bones of the skull

Question 4

syndesmoses

Answer 4

occur whenever two bone are bound together by CT, ex. interosseus ligament (ulna-radius)

Question 5

gomphoses

Answer 5

fibrous joints connected by short fibrous periodontal ligament, peg-in-socket joints secure tooth in cavity

Question 6

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 6

unite the articulating bones entirely by hyaline or fibrocartilage. 2 types: synchondroses and symphysis

Question 7

synchondroses

Answer 7

found in immature bones at epiphyses (enables growth)

Question 8

symphysis

Answer 8

a fibrocartilaginous fusion between two bones. fibrocartilage absorbs shock. ex. intervertebral discs between adjacent vertebrae

Question 9

synovial joints

Answer 9

these joints have a thing, strong CT capsule that surrounds a lubricated, synovial lined cavity. Ex: knee, shoulder, and elbow

Question 10

development of joints

Answer 10

in early development, mesenchyme (a pluripotent tissue) differentiates into: cartilage for future bone and CT for the joints. CT between bones differentiate into three possible types of joints: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial