Bones & Joints

Question 1

a special form dense connective tissue that can withstand heavy flexing, tension, and pressure.

Answer 1

Cartilage

Question 2

locations of cartilage?

Answer 2

1. ) tip of your nose
2. ) ears
3. ) soft spots in babies
4. ) between your ribs

Question 3

located at the ends of bones acting as a shock absorber and preventing the ends from grinding together as they move

Answer 3

articular cartilage

Question 4

in addition to cartilage, there are small sacs called ____ that contains a lubricant called synovial fluid

Answer 4

bursa

Question 5

two or more bones join to form a joint or ____

Answer 5

articulation

Question 6

connective tissue that form very rough, whitish bands, that connect bone to bone and can withstand heavy stress.

Answer 6

ligaments

Question 7

cord-like structures that attach muscle and bone

Answer 7

tendons

Question 8

held together by short connective tissue strands being immobile (skull)

Answer 8

fiberous joints

Question 9

held together by cartilage disk being slightly moveable

Answer 9

cartilaginous joints

Question 10

joined by a joint cavity lined with a synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid being freely moveable (shoulders, hips, knees, elbows)

Answer 10

synovial joints

Question 11

have a circular portion of one bone that spins inside a ring-shaped portion of another bone

Answer 11

pivot joint

Question 12

consistent of spherical bone that articulates with a cup shaped socket on the other bone (hips and shoulders) allow for the greatest movement

Answer 12

ball and socket joints

Question 13

bone is the shape of a cylinder and the other is a trough (knee and elbows) these joints open and close

Answer 13

hinge joints

Question 14

flat or slightly cured, plate-like bones that slide back and forth (wrist and ankles)

Answer 14

gliding joints

Question 15

one bone is shaped like a saddle and the other like a horse’s back and they rock up and down (thumb)

Answer 15

saddle joints

Question 16

provide two axis of movements through the same joint (wrist)

Answer 16

ellipoidal joints

Question 17

general term used to determine inflammation of a joint

Answer 17

arthritis

Question 18

a degenerative condition that is a result of “wearing out” of a joint that could be from a sports injury, trauma, repetitive motion, obesity, or simply from the aging process

Answer 18

osteoarthritis

Question 19

signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis

Answer 19

1. ) painful swelling of the affected joint
2. ) wearing away of articular college
3. ) joint develops a crooked deformity

Question 20

a chronic systemic, autoimmune disease affecting tissue in the body. Most commonly found in the small joints of the hands/wrist and feet/ankles but can also affect the elbows and knees

Answer 20

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 21

signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 21

1. ) stiffness, swelling, and flunctioning pain in the affected joints
2. ) usually symmetrical
3. ) pronounced joint deformities

Question 22

a form of arthritis that is a result of the body’s decreased ability to control uric production or excretion, causing high levels of uric acid in the blood. This causes crystals to form in connective tissue. When crystals move to the synovial fluid in the joints, they cause sharp pains with movements

Answer 22

gout

Question 23

sign and symptoms of gout

Answer 23

1. ) excruciating pain of the joints

2. ) affected joint is inflamed, hot, tender, and swollen

Question 24

an inflammation of one or more bursae (the fluid filled sacs) that “oil” your joints to decrease friction during moving

Answer 24

bursitis

Question 25

painful inflammation of the tendon itself or the tendon

Answer 25

tendonitis

Question 26

signs and symptoms of tendonitis

Answer 26

1.) pain with movement of the joint

Question 27

an injury into the ligaments in a joint

Answer 27

sprain

Question 28

define the grade of the sprain: mild, can be treated at home with anti inflammatory meds (R.I.C.E)

Answer 28

grade 1

Question 29

define the grade of the sprain: ligament is partially torn causing the joint to swell and become painful. bruising occurs, r.i.c.e, and possible splinting

Answer 29

grade 2

Question 30

define the grade of the sprain: ligament is completely torn. possible casting and rehabilitation

Answer 30

grade 3

Question 31

what does R.I.C.E stand for?

Answer 31

R- rest
I- ice
C- compression
E- elevation

Question 32

point the toes downward with the heel up

Answer 32

plantar flexion

Question 33

turning the palm of the hand to face upward

Answer 33

supination (soup)

Question 34

the sole of the foot is turned inward so that it points toward the other foot

Answer 34

inversion

Question 35

bending of the joint

Answer 35

flexion

Question 36

moving the joint on its axis form side to side

Answer 36

rotation

Question 37

pulling the toes upward with the heel down

Answer 37

dorsiflextion

Question 38

moving a limb toward the body

Answer 38

adduction

Question 39

turning the palm of the hand to face downwards

Answer 39

pronation (pour)

Question 40

motion of drawing a body part forward

Answer 40

protraction

Question 41

the sole of foot is turned outward, away from the other foot

Answer 41

eversion

Question 42

a joint is forced into extension beyond its normal limits

Answer 42

hyperextention

Question 43

straightening of a joint

Answer 43

extention

Question 44

moving a limb away from the body

Answer 44

abduction

Question 45

motion of drawing a body part backward

Answer 45

retraction

Question 46

a combination of movements to create a circular motion

Answer 46

circumduction