Bones & Joints Flashcards
a special form dense connective tissue that can withstand heavy flexing, tension, and pressure.
Cartilage
locations of cartilage?
- ) tip of your nose
- ) ears
- ) soft spots in babies
- ) between your ribs
located at the ends of bones acting as a shock absorber and preventing the ends from grinding together as they move
articular cartilage
in addition to cartilage, there are small sacs called ____ that contains a lubricant called synovial fluid
bursa
two or more bones join to form a joint or ____
articulation
connective tissue that form very rough, whitish bands, that connect bone to bone and can withstand heavy stress.
ligaments
cord-like structures that attach muscle and bone
tendons
held together by short connective tissue strands being immobile (skull)
fiberous joints
held together by cartilage disk being slightly moveable
cartilaginous joints
joined by a joint cavity lined with a synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid being freely moveable (shoulders, hips, knees, elbows)
synovial joints
have a circular portion of one bone that spins inside a ring-shaped portion of another bone
pivot joint
consistent of spherical bone that articulates with a cup shaped socket on the other bone (hips and shoulders) allow for the greatest movement
ball and socket joints
bone is the shape of a cylinder and the other is a trough (knee and elbows) these joints open and close
hinge joints
flat or slightly cured, plate-like bones that slide back and forth (wrist and ankles)
gliding joints
one bone is shaped like a saddle and the other like a horse’s back and they rock up and down (thumb)
saddle joints
provide two axis of movements through the same joint (wrist)
ellipoidal joints
general term used to determine inflammation of a joint
arthritis
a degenerative condition that is a result of “wearing out” of a joint that could be from a sports injury, trauma, repetitive motion, obesity, or simply from the aging process
osteoarthritis
signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis
- ) painful swelling of the affected joint
- ) wearing away of articular college
- ) joint develops a crooked deformity
a chronic systemic, autoimmune disease affecting tissue in the body. Most commonly found in the small joints of the hands/wrist and feet/ankles but can also affect the elbows and knees
rheumatoid arthritis
signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis
- ) stiffness, swelling, and flunctioning pain in the affected joints
- ) usually symmetrical
- ) pronounced joint deformities
a form of arthritis that is a result of the body’s decreased ability to control uric production or excretion, causing high levels of uric acid in the blood. This causes crystals to form in connective tissue. When crystals move to the synovial fluid in the joints, they cause sharp pains with movements
gout
sign and symptoms of gout
- ) excruciating pain of the joints
2. ) affected joint is inflamed, hot, tender, and swollen
an inflammation of one or more bursae (the fluid filled sacs) that “oil” your joints to decrease friction during moving
bursitis
painful inflammation of the tendon itself or the tendon
tendonitis
signs and symptoms of tendonitis
1.) pain with movement of the joint
an injury into the ligaments in a joint
sprain
define the grade of the sprain: mild, can be treated at home with anti inflammatory meds (R.I.C.E)
grade 1
define the grade of the sprain: ligament is partially torn causing the joint to swell and become painful. bruising occurs, r.i.c.e, and possible splinting
grade 2
define the grade of the sprain: ligament is completely torn. possible casting and rehabilitation
grade 3
what does R.I.C.E stand for?
R- rest
I- ice
C- compression
E- elevation
point the toes downward with the heel up
plantar flexion
turning the palm of the hand to face upward
supination (soup)
the sole of the foot is turned inward so that it points toward the other foot
inversion
bending of the joint
flexion
moving the joint on its axis form side to side
rotation
pulling the toes upward with the heel down
dorsiflextion
moving a limb toward the body
adduction
turning the palm of the hand to face downwards
pronation (pour)
motion of drawing a body part forward
protraction
the sole of foot is turned outward, away from the other foot
eversion
a joint is forced into extension beyond its normal limits
hyperextention
straightening of a joint
extention
moving a limb away from the body
abduction
motion of drawing a body part backward
retraction
a combination of movements to create a circular motion
circumduction
